Games like Trial of the Tower God

The Deepwoods is an action-deckbuilding-roguelike, in which you venture as far as possible into the Eternal Forest, to face the corruption festering at its core. With each wave of enemies you encounter, you draw a hand of cards from a deck of weapons and abilities - forcing you to adapt to fight off your foes!  With over 150 different cards and 100 blessings to discover, each expedition into the… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Deepwoods.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:music, grinding

85% User Score Based on 102 reviews

In Whispers of the Eyeless, you are not merely a wanderer — you are a force of change. As the First Prophet, you build a cult, command disciples, and unleash divine power in the name of Wrath, Desire, or Madness. The city of Aranthor is crumbling under intrigue and conflict, its districts filled with peril, secrets, and those who would see you undone. Turn-Based Combat: Every Battle Leaves a Scar… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Whispers of the Eyeless.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

83% User Score Based on 143 reviews

Hand of Fate: Hordes is a dark-fantasy bullet heaven auto-shooter powered by your strategic deckbuilding mastery. Survive the horde, forge your build, and unleash devastating attacks to escape a netherworld beyond the 13th Gate. Thrive in chaos! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Hand of Fate: Hordes.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, emotional

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, replayability

77% User Score Based on 132 reviews

Game Description: Become the hero of a fantasy world and stop the monster invasion! Legacy of Defense combines innovative side-scrolling action with deck-building elements. Embark on an adventure, recruit allies, and defend yourself from dangerous foes! Key Features: Side-Scrolling Action: Experience intense battles with stunning 2D graphics and intuitive controls. Feel the thrill of defen… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Legacy of Defense.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, replayability

82% User Score Based on 204 reviews

Youkai have overrun Gensokyo! There's no resolving this incident, just try to survive! Touhou: Gensokyo Survivors is the latest take on the survivor genre, this time with the unique twist of a grid-based inventory system. Hoard as many items as possible if you want to survive! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Touhou: Gensokyo Survivors.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, replayability

83% User Score Based on 169 reviews

Explore the procedurally generated world and test your skills in a fast-paced combat combining ranged and melee attacks. Defeat a variety of different enemies and bosses, fight in the arena, collect upgrades and unlock different arrow and trap abilities in this small rogue-like action-adventure. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Ruins of Albion.

78%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:monetization, story

78% User Score Based on 102 reviews

ADD THE FULL GAME TO YOUR WISHLIST!Swordcery is currently in development and you can wishlist the full game here: About the Game Swordcery: Prologue is a free prologue for the currently-in-development rogue-like Swordcery, a melee-based action RPG. Test your mettle (but also your metal) as you discover and unleash the power behind a multitude of magical swords to defeat an otherworldly Celestia… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Swordcery: Prologue.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

76% User Score Based on 444 reviews

Critic Score 65%Based on 4 reviews

Unexplored 2: The Wayfarer's Legacy is a roguelite action-RPG and prodigious sequel to the critically acclaimed indie gem, Unexplored. Leave the Dungeon of Doom behind and venture into a vast, wondrous world as you embark on a heroic quest to destroy the mysterious Staff of Yendor. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Unexplored 2: The Wayfarer's Legacy.

55%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, character development

71% User Score Based on 28 reviews

Step into the role of a Dungeon Monarch, a chosen guardian of your master's dungeon. Equipped with formidable magic and an inexhaustible army of summonable troops that synergize with one another, your mission is to repel adventurers, envious rivals, and other deities seeking to invade and raze the dungeon. Vambrace: Dungeon Monarch features a unique, fast-paced combination of deck builder, tactics… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Vambrace: Dungeon Monarch.

93%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

93% User Score Based on 211 reviews

Pale Coins is an ARPG game with focus on combat and items, where the player is tasked to find the Champion's Coin. More Weapons = More Fun Find a variety of weapons - each with different types, movesets and skills - to slay your way through hordes of enemies and tough bosses. Make Friends along the Way Event though the world is a rough place, people of different camps may help you. Who know… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Pale Coins.

95%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

95% User Score Based on 256 reviews

A mysterious curse grips the land… As a magical shockwave swept across the land, all sorts of wildlife suddenly transformed into monstrous versions of themselves and started rebelling against the locals… Gather your party, roll your dice and battle across the islands to put an end to this curse once and for all! ADVENTURE AWAITS Become a master dice-manipulator and tactician as you set out on a qu… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dobbel Dungeon.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, story

88% User Score Based on 107 reviews

Wishlist on steam now! https://store.steampowered.com/widget/2317880/ Survive 500 seconds! Hi, I'm Penusbmic. Decided to make a little game. Inspired by games like 20 Mins till Dawn & Vampire Survivors. My goal was to focus on the game design instead of the art (Mostly only do art/animations). Used my Own Assets (The Tiny Alchemist Series), some sounds from Shapeforms & music from alkakrab.  T… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Bullet Bunny.

58%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

77% User Score Based on 26 reviews

Rogue Girl is a roguelike game that will immerse you in an exciting adventure, where you will play as a beautiful devil girl called upon to fight an army of sinister zombies. Your path of progress depends on your decisions. Various types of enemies, random rooms, and skills. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Rogue Girl.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

73% User Score Based on 78 reviews

StormEdge is an Action-Roguelite where you have to balance your desire to use powerful skills with the risk of taking damage or putting yourself in a vulnerable position. Experiment and try new things! You will take the role of one of the bravest and most talented mages who is forming StormEdge – a guild whose aim is to stop the elemental storms and save the world. Defeat your opponents by dod… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to StormEdge.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

94% User Score Based on 194 reviews

Play as Rubin, a rose ensorcelled by the goddess Antheia and entrusted with her sacred scythe. Mushroom marauders have invaded the greenhouse, targeting the garden goddess and choking the life out of her children. It is your duty to traverse the expanse of the greenhouse and slay these invaders. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Green Reaper.

75%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

82% User Score Based on 243 reviews

Critic Score 67%Based on 10 reviews

Adore is an action creature-collecting game where you build your team of unique creatures and go on a journey to resurrect the God of the Creatures. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Adore.

95%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

95% User Score Based on 496 reviews

Embark on epic adventures and perfect your strategy in this deck building RPG If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Abalon.

97%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

97% User Score Based on 7,854 reviews

Tiny Rogues is a fantasy rogue-lite bullet-hell dungeon crawler with rpg elements. Build a new unique character each run and fight one monster-infested room after another! Discover unique weapons, collect magical items and level up to become more and more powerful! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Tiny Rogues.

74%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, grinding

74% User Score Based on 198 reviews

An adventurer who breaks into a different world and does not use magic at all, can he escape from the castle with the help of a magic partner? If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Nigate Tale.

72%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

73% User Score Based on 150 reviews

Critic Score 72%Based on 3 reviews

Pharaonic is an unforgiving sidescrolling Action-RPG set in Ancient Egypt. Explore a vast kingdom full of dangers and brutal enemies while you find the truth behind Ahmosis I, the Red Pharaoh. Polish your combat skills to the finest and loot the best gear possible to even have the slightest chance of overcoming this difficult endeavor. Will you opt for lightweight equipment, trusting on your agil… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Pharaonic.

54%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:atmosphere, replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, graphics

58% User Score Based on 45 reviews

Eternal Step is a deviously difficult, rogue-like action adventure game. In Eternal Step, you battle your way through an ever-changing, endless tower. Bosses will crush you. Enemies will swarm you. Traps will deceive you. Collecting Loot Cards and skills will help you turn the tides of battle, but you never know what awaits on the next floor… An all new rogue-like action adventure from developer… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Eternal Step.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, replayability

77% User Score Based on 301 reviews

Eternity Warriors, an action game franchise is globally recognized by millions of fans, debuting 6 years ago on mobile. Packed with classical action game essences, high-definition visual, and real-time multiplayer features, it's going available in VR in Q3 2017! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Eternity Warriors VR.

About The Game Drakrais is a souls-like, action-adventure game inspired by the From Software soulsborne series. It has a dark ambience. The level is designed like a maze, offering plenty of exploration and challenges. Note : The game will provide the best experience while using headphones. Story   You play as a knight who enters the dungeon intending to end his life. However, after talking to … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Drakrais.

Dungeon that never repeats itself：Every challenge is a brand new start, beat unexpected foes and you will never get bored!Reconstruct your village and empower yourself：Assimilate your foes' soul, and use them to reconstruct your once destroyed village, demon gets stronger with a home behind!Abundant equipment and relics：Discover powerful weapons and equipment empowered with magical skills and uniq… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Demon Strikes Back.

98%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

98% User Score Based on 122 reviews

Dear Magical Girls is a story-driven defense game about an overworked magical girl protecting the Mana Stone that keeps the city running. Move the vertices to reshape your magical field. Unlock modules and enchants, and build your own strategy to survive against waves of monsters. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dear Magical Girls.

69%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, replayability

69% User Score Based on 404 reviews

Critic Score 71%Based on 2 reviews

Necronator: Dead Wrong is a comedic micro RTS game with a deck-building twist. Collect and deploy undead units and build an army to conquer the insufferable goody-two-shoes of the Livmor Alliance. Raise the dead, drop the mic. Those instructors at the Undead Academy don't understand your talent. Why trudge your way through years of training... when you could just make a deal with an evil ancient … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Necronator: Dead Wrong.

96%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, grinding

96% User Score Based on 698 reviews

A roguelike action tale born of dark fairytales and smoldering ruin. On the night the witch set the world ablaze, the ancient order fell with it.Kingdoms crumbled into charred wasteland, and only drifting ash remained to whisper among the ruins. Across a land where embers entwine with shadow, a small few still resist the spreading corruption — souls capable of swallowing the remnants of black magi… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Cinderia.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, story

89% User Score Based on 188 reviews

Shape your experience - Your wayTrials Survivors is a roguelite that fuses the simplicity of survivor-style gameplay with the loot-driven depth of hack and slash RPGs. Each skill is hand-crafted and endlessly upgradeable, letting you forge unique builds as you face trials set by the constellations. Overcome the odds, embrace the loot, and ascend into an unkillable god. As an agent of the … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Trials Survivors.

61%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, story

83% User Score Based on 24 reviews

Magical Blush is a top-down action-adventure where fast-paced elemental combat meets Metroidvania-style exploration. Chain spell combos, exploit elemental weaknesses, rescue survivors, and team up in local co-op as you battle the powerful Elemental Lords and explore the wondrous world of Wyn. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Magical Blush.

62%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, stability

62% User Score Based on 101 reviews

You’re held prisoner by the hideous Lich, who captured you during his expansion wars and locked you up for eternity in his fortress with the other outcasts. With no name, no past, and left to rot in a place of death and damnation, you have one goal: survive... and escape. Advance through different rooms in this horrific citadel, face the enemies that block your way, and keep on your path toward an… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Fortress.

68%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:music, replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, optimization

68% User Score Based on 57 reviews

The feeling of high-level MMO raids, without the grind. Nullpoint Protocol is a 1-4 player co-op action roguelite where you face harbingers of the apocalypse. Craft your own class from randomized loot, master each boss fight, and save your species from extinction! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Nullpoint Protocol.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, grinding

91% User Score Based on 1,150 reviews

Welcome to the Rabbit Hole."A space between the dream and the real for those who have lost heart." Rabbit Hole is a fast paced, tough-as-nails 2D Platformer-RogueLike-Shooter. You are Disc, someone who was suddenly brought to the Rabbit Hole. Collect guns, fight foes and meet strange new characters on your descent to the bottom, all in an attempt to find your heart again. "Momento Vivebis" Ma… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Rabbit Hole.

64%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding

100% User Score Based on 15 reviews

Collect dozens of playable monsters, upgrade them and unleash their powers in action packed dungeon crawling levels filled with enemies, boss fights and chaotic encounters. Loot artifacts and items on your adventures to customize your monsters to fit your playstyle. Seeker: Quest is currently in development. You can play the demo in itchio, or Steam. Burn, electrify, hack, slash and explod… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Seeker: Quest.

54%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, graphics

54% User Score Based on 267 reviews

 PLAY ON STEAM  Controls: WASD to moveSPACE to dashJ/K to change skinESC to pause (and change settings) Music by Stevia Sphere If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Tiny Survivors.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

92% User Score Based on 684 reviews

Dive into a microscopic alien world, radiating with bioluminescent life and unspeakable horrors. Genome Guardian is a deeply-complex shooter that's easy to pick up but hard to master. Research permanent upgrades to survive 8 game modes, each with multiple ascension levels ("depths"). Pair DNA nucleotides Adenine (rapidfire), Cytosine (precision), Guanine (spread), Thymine (explosive) to dis… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Genome Guardian.

78%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

80% User Score Based on 611 reviews

Critic Score 74%Based on 3 reviews

Sea Salt is an action strategy hybrid, in which you are an Old God summoning unfathomable horrors to blight the human lands. You will have your sacrifice, and humanity will pay for denying you what you are owed. Summoning a tide of minions, your army will emerge from the sea to take vengeance on the religious figures who have dared to defy you, and anyone else that stands in your way. When h… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to SEA SALT.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

92% User Score Based on 935 reviews

Rift Wizard is a tough as nails fantasy roguelike featuring challenging turn based combat and deep open ended character building. Craft your spellbook from over 100 unique spells and abilities and fight your way through a series of procedurally generated challenges to defeat your nemesis. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Rift Wizard.

70%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

75% User Score Based on 173 reviews

Critic Score 45%Based on 1 reviews

Ascendant is the unforgiving beat 'em up that challenges you with a new world each time you play. It utilizes a number of modern roguelike elements such as permadeath and procedurally generated environments. You are a demigod who invades a plane controlled by your rivals. They will stop at nothing to eliminate you. Only the most impressive warriors will triumph over their armies of zealots and bea… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Ascendant.

100%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:story

100% User Score Based on 50 reviews

Defend yourself against an onslaught of monstrous aliens in a variety of cities and landscapes of our beloved home: Earth. Combine equipment from your powerful arsenal of weapons, modules, and upgrades in order to face stronger and smarter aliens that provide an evergrowing challenge. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to DEFCON: Xenos.

79%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

79% User Score Based on 78 reviews

Dungeon Core is a challenging but rewarding roguelite dungeon crawler. It features procedurally generated levels with lots of rooms to explore, items to find and enemies to fight. Permanent upgrades will help you improve on your quest and these stick with you forever, even if the you fail a run. This makes the game less punishing and enables players to save up for that next upgrade. The game is de… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dungeon Core.

60%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

57% User Score Based on 182 reviews

Critic Score 68%Based on 3 reviews

Sword of the Necromancer is a dungeon-crawler action RPG with Rogue-like elements where you can revive your defeated enemies to make them fight alongside you. Turn your foes into allies using the forbidden powers of the Sword of the Necromancer and help Tama reach the dungeon's depths in order to gain enough power to bring Koko back from the dead. Gather a little army of monsters, equip yourself… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sword of the Necromancer.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, optimization

94% User Score Based on 180 reviews

ENTER THE PARADOXNavigate the infinite domains of the multiverse as savvy scientist Dr. Paraducks in search of her pet duck, lost in the throes of space-time thanks to a malfunctioning time machine. Trapped in a world of endless possibilities, Dr. Paraducks continues to battle corrupted versions of her beloved pet despite the unrelenting reality and her declining sanity. But who knows what is real… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Duck Paradox.

97%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding

97% User Score Based on 122 reviews

Byte Lynx is a fast-paced RTS with no units! Build defenses, then dismantle your enemy and steal their buildings! Byte Lynx centers around tactical combat between networks as you battle across a mysterious mechanical planet. Crush your enemiesDesign massive war platforms to demolish entrenched enemies. Build up your base or take theirsBuild a sprawling base that extends to dominate the local… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Byte Lynx.

69%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

72% User Score Based on 390 reviews

Critic Score 63%Based on 4 reviews

Unravel a thrilling sci-fi mystery in this action-packed twin-stick roguelite shooter. Select your load-out, stack up temporary and persistent upgrades, and delve into the depths of a sinister, shifting, subterranean base in the midst of an interdimensional crisis. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Section 13.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, replayability

77% User Score Based on 117 reviews

Yaengard is a tabletop-like strategic RPG, bringing the excitement of dice-RPGs into a digital roguelike adventure. Evolve your party of villagers into heroes through challenging decisions & forged personalities. Combine abilities, equipment, and character traits into something truly powerful. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Yaengard.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, story

85% User Score Based on 300 reviews

Critic Score 77%Based on 4 reviews

The Crackpet Show is an action-packed rogue-lite shoot’em-up about mutated animals that fight in a bizarre TV show, crushing their opponents with a variety of weapons. Choose your beastie, gear ‘em up, and go kill your enemies in the name of fame and sweet sponsorship deals! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Crackpet Show.

52%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

52% User Score Based on 62 reviews

Take on the invading hordes of the Nethermists as The Crusader and fight, think, and strategize to clear the monster infested, randomly created, dungeons in this card, board, and turn-based rogue-like. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Card Dungeon.

65%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, grinding

65% User Score Based on 51 reviews

A Clumsy Flight is a 2D action-roguelike with a focus on dodging enemy planes and upgrading your equipment. Shoot down swarms of planes to survive your adventure through the clouds. Make smart upgrade decisions along the way to not get submerged by the hundreds of enemies coming your way. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to A Clumsy Flight.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

89% User Score Based on 574 reviews

Dracomaton is a top-down roguelike bullet hell where you swap between multiple playstyles on the fly. Equip yourself with various Forms that have different strengths and weaknesses, OR Mod existing Forms with the characteristics of other ones! A fast-paced, single-player experience built for interesting replayability 16 unique Forms with 3 potential Mod versions each Over 30+ build-influe… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to DRACOMATON.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

72% User Score Based on 2,284 reviews

Critic Score 76%Based on 4 reviews

Players are cast as slaves in a fantasy gladiator arena, condemned to fight as gladiators to win their freedom. With the help of Balfus, a Spirit Mentor, they are able to fight their way through the challenges and Guardians at the end of each area and gain freedom for them and their kin. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Forced.