Games like The Final Flame

93%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

93% User Score Based on 23,263 reviews

Descend the nether in search of Death himself! Choose from God-given powers to slay his hordes of minions. Unlock new heroes, collect powerful items and create game-breaking synergies in this roguelite hack and slash survivors game. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Death Must Die.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

95% User Score Based on 5,989 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 5 reviews

Ember Knights is a fast-paced multiplayer rogue-lite. Build powerful and unique attack synergies on every run by customizing your loadout through weapon upgrade perks, stackable combat and magic skills and game-changing relics. Local and online co-op for 1-4 players! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Ember Knights.

99%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding

99% User Score Based on 164 reviews

Death of a Wish is a vicious action-RPG set in a nightmare filled with horrifying monsters and terrifying people.Play as Christian, a Marked child raised by a cult and struggling to escape indoctrination, as he bands with others to challenge their oppressors. By taking down the four Sanctum Faiths: Father, Sister, Cardinal, and Priest, they will upend the order of the world.Rend your foes asunder … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Death of a Wish.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

77% User Score Based on 216 reviews

Critic Score 60%Based on 2 reviews

As the final creation of the Goddess, Juxtia, journey through the ruins of two divine kingdoms, overrun by the Tarnishing. Challenging combat, a hauntingly beautiful score, and a sinister narrative work in unison to make The Tarnishing of Juxtia an unforgettable 2D dark fantasy action RPG. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Tarnishing of Juxtia.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

86% User Score Based on 196 reviews

GREAT CYBERPUNK GAME BY OUR FRIENDS About the Game Meta Ghost: Breaking Show is a 3D roguelite hack-and-slash action game. Built on the foundation of "cyberpunk" culture, the game provides a thrilling and fast-paced combat experience while telling a profound cyberpunk story. Play as one “breaker” (or several) in Breaking Show, battling intelligent machines with cybern… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Meta Ghost: Breaking Show.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

75% User Score Based on 160 reviews

Critic Score 65%Based on 1 reviews

Engage in combat against gigantic monsters terrorising the Kingdom of Camelot and defeat them with your Broken Excalibur in this roguelite action adventure with RPG elements. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Knight vs Giant: The Broken Excalibur.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

88% User Score Based on 237 reviews

Critic Score 73%Based on 1 reviews

Leap of Fate is a furiously-paced cyberpunk top-down shooter about overcoming your fears and achieving your fate. In a New York City where magic is real, you play as a technomage who must develop unspeakable powers to confront the Crucible of Fates. Can you survive the trials? If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Leap of Fate.

87%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

89% User Score Based on 13,118 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 8 reviews

Children of Morta is a narrative driven hack and slash roguelike. Take on the role of a member of the Bergson family, the Guardians of Mount Morta, as you fight desperately against the Corruption. Experience not only what it means to be a hero, but to be part of a family that bears the weight of the mountain together. Children of Morta: Complete Edition includes: - Children of Morta base game - F… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Children of Morta.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

84% User Score Based on 83 reviews

Slash through never-ending hordes of possessed creatures and try to survive! Choose from a variety of upgrades to create overpowered builds. Unlock unique characters and discover powerful synergies to aid in your quest to become the ultimate demon hunter and purify the kingdom. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Hollow Survivors.

76%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

76% User Score Based on 1,514 reviews

9 Years of Shadows is a side-scrolling Metroidvania by Halberd Studios. Travel alongside Europa, a brave warrior determined to enter the mechanical giant Talos and stop the corruption within before it swallows the world in darkness. Battle through tainted creatures, meet charismatic musicians and uncover the truth behind the curse that robbed the land of all color. Many have tried to venture insi… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to 9 Years of Shadows.

79%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

79% User Score Based on 1,482 reviews

bit Dungeon II is fast action roguelike game with a giant overworld to explore. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to bit Dungeon II.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

77% User Score Based on 2,010 reviews

Lost Castle is a super cute, super hard action RPG with roguelike elements and randomized dungeons. Brimming with a host of hand drawn, humorous characters and environments that embrace retro action with modern twists. Prologue: In its glory days, Castle Harwood was the heart of a happy land governed by wise and virtuous nobles. But those days are long gone now. Calamity has befallen the… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Lost Castle / 失落城堡.

62%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

62% User Score Based on 490 reviews

Tower Hunter: Erza's Trial contains core elements of roguelike and metroidvania-type games, presented in a toon render style. The player explores a mysterious tower with Erza, vanquishes mutant monsters and defeats bosses to acquire a Hunter's License and become the most powerful Battle Maiden. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Tower Hunter: Erza's Trial.

66%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

62% User Score Based on 281 reviews

Critic Score 73%Based on 6 reviews

Immortal Planet is an action RPG with challenging combat that rewards patience and punishes recklessness. Explore the crumbling remains of a society of immortals trapped in endless cycles of rebirth. Fight your way to discover the planet's mystery and escape its curse. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Immortal Planet.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

86% User Score Based on 9,779 reviews

Critic Score 74%Based on 7 reviews

Discover Ravenswatch in its most complete version yet, bringing together the base title and all the content published during the first year. Battle the Nightmare with 3 new playable heroes — Merlin, Romeo and Juliet — customize your runs with 6 skin packs, and dive behind the scenes, with the digital artbook and official soundtrack. Edition contents: * Ravenswatch * Fairytales Skin Pack * Ravens … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Ravenswatch.

97%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

97% User Score Based on 7,854 reviews

Tiny Rogues is a fantasy rogue-lite bullet-hell dungeon crawler with rpg elements. Build a new unique character each run and fight one monster-infested room after another! Discover unique weapons, collect magical items and level up to become more and more powerful! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Tiny Rogues.

87%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

93% User Score Based on 6,164 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 10 reviews

Defend the last bastion of humanity with your squad of heroes! Exterminate fiendish monsters with magic and brute force by night and re-build your battered city defenses by day in this tactical RPG with rogue-lite mechanics. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Last Spell.

74%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

74% User Score Based on 736 reviews

Blade Assault is a 2D action rogue-lite platformer with beautiful pixel art set in a desolate sci-fi world. Fight against the corrupt military of Esperanza as part of the resistance force of the Undercity. Bring the corrupt to justice by becoming stronger and fighting alongside your trusty comrades. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Blade Assault.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

92% User Score Based on 8,474 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 2 reviews

A roguelike hack'n'slash game If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Skul: The Hero Slayer.

98%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, story

98% User Score Based on 510 reviews

This is a third-person action roguelite game. Players will play one of several protagonists to challenge powerful enemies in the Animal Realm and solve the source of the incident. The game will include 4 protagonists with different fighting styles to unlock, 9 boss battles based on various Touhou characters, and nearly 100 kinds of enhanced abilities. ●EXCITING BATTLEIn terms of combat, the … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Touhou Dystopian.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

91% User Score Based on 892 reviews

"Lost Castle 2" is a 2D Beat'em up Rogue-Lite game. Explore abundant treasures and items to enhance yourself, master various weapons to showcase your skills, and challenge powerful monsters to demonstrate your strength. A new adventure is calling for treasure hunters! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Lost Castle 2.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

86% User Score Based on 652 reviews

Critic Score 75%Based on 4 reviews

The Eastern Exorcist is a stunning 2D side-scrolling action RPG set in a fictitious oriental world with the infestation of vicious demon monsters. Play as a skilled exorcist against chaotic evil to fight your way through the brutal world, and experience unforeseen entanglements of complex beings. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Eastern Exorcist.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, atmosphere

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

76% User Score Based on 1,229 reviews

Critic Score 69%Based on 17 reviews

Trapped in a dark and gloomy temple, find your inner strength and courage to face its dangers. Show your Devotion! Dark Devotion invites you in a rich and peculiar universe. You will go through more and more confrontations. If you happen to succeed once, good job. But don’t even think that the next step will be as effortless as the previous one. Take part into rageous and bloody fights in which … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dark Devotion.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

94% User Score Based on 2,149 reviews

Critic Score 79%Based on 27 reviews

Following a devastating demonic invasion, the twin Goddesses use their magic to bring the inhabitants of legendary Ys safely into the sky. While the demons work to construct Devil’s Tower and reach the humans’ new abode, the Goddesses disappear. As a mighty warrior or a cunning mage, you must seek the Goddesses in Devil’s Tower. With your swordsmanship and spells, can you banish evil from the land… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Ys Origin.

67%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

71% User Score Based on 234 reviews

Critic Score 57%Based on 3 reviews

Usurper is a Metroidvania Action-RPG inspired by Symphony of the Night and Super Metroid, your duty is to rid London of the Eldritch horrors unleashed by the Citadel. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Usurper.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

90% User Score Based on 9,228 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 22 reviews

Fast paced dungeon crawler with rogue-like elements If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wizard of Legend.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, replayability

84% User Score Based on 163 reviews

Dice Legends is a single-player roguelike from an indie team including the creative mind behind GWENT and Cyberpunk: Edgerunners, featuring original music by the composer from Balatro.  In the game, you embark on an adventure in a high fantasy world as one of three characters — each representing a distinct class that uses a different type of dice: d6, d8, or d12.  With every defeated monster… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dice Legends.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

89% User Score Based on 601 reviews

In this roguelike action-adventure, control humanoid "Labor" and giant "Arms" to uncover the mysteries of the world. A young girl named Suria wakes up in a laboratory and finds out that she has been put in cryosleep for 1000 years without her knowledge. In order to search for the rest of humanity, she builds Labor with her trusty Buds, and sends them off to investigate...Highl… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Metal Bringer.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

95% User Score Based on 2,331 reviews

Critic Score 84%Based on 10 reviews

Climb an astral tower and see how high you can get! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Astral Ascent.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

89% User Score Based on 1,084 reviews

Cross Blitz is an exciting turn-based RPG card battler set in a wondrous world teeming with vibrant characters and fierce battles. Explore Cross Dawn Isle and uncover its secrets as you level up, craft new cards, build the perfect deck and battle your way to victory! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Cross Blitz.

67%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

68% User Score Based on 395 reviews

Critic Score 65%Based on 2 reviews

Children of Zodiarcs is a story-driven, single-player tactical RPG that combines traditional tactical gameplay with the thrill of collectible cards and craftable dice! Children of Zodiarcs was inspired by our deep love of tactical RPGs, namely Final Fantasy Tactics and the 16-bit Shining Force games, as well as a love of playing board games and collectable card games like Magic: The Gathering. We… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Children of Zodiarcs.

79%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, stability

90% User Score Based on 2,378 reviews

Critic Score 67%Based on 8 reviews

Vagante is an action-packed platformer that features permanent death and procedurally generated levels. Play cooperatively with friends or adventure solo in this challenging roguelike-inspired game. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Vagante.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

88% User Score Based on 4,631 reviews

Critic Score 76%Based on 1 reviews

Deckbuilding comes to life in Hand of Fate! An infinitely replayable series of quests - earn new cards, build your deck, then try to defeat it! In a cabin at the end of the world, the game of life and death is played. Draw your cards, play your hand, and discover your fate. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Hand of Fate.

78%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

83% User Score Based on 2,096 reviews

Critic Score 74%Based on 19 reviews

The Last Faith is an exploration-based Metroidvania, action side-scrolling platformer with dark and gothic horror themes at its core. An ancient religion is ruling for centuries the world left to its fate. The once majestic capital and full of a glorious past, is now decadent and haunted by a fatal disease. Eric will have to subvert the words of the hidden prophecy and discover the truth behind th… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Last Faith.

90%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

92% User Score Based on 1,821 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 2 reviews

Rampage Knights is a cooperative beat 'em up game mixed up with randomized dungeon crawling and exploration which you can play alone or with a friend online. You play as a hero trapped by a spell in a magical forest. All paths lead you to a nearby ruined castle, infested with goblins, skeletons and other foul creatures. Gear up with awesome and ridiculous weapons and spells and descend into the d… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Rampage Knights.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

87% User Score Based on 1,022 reviews

Critic Score 76%Based on 14 reviews

CrownTrick is a procedurally generated maze game with Roguelike gameplay and hand drawn art style. Take up the unbelievable crown and start your underground adventure with the power... If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Crown Trick.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

83% User Score Based on 218 reviews

Few Nights More is a roguelike turn-based RPG based in a world where Vampire Lords seek to conquer lost territories and their place in the world. Design and defend your stronghold, slay your enemies with traps, fulfill your Lord’s true potential, slowly conquering what is rightfully yours. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Few Nights More.

95%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

95% User Score Based on 7,025 reviews

Become the Nightmare. Master the dream. Shatter reality. Shape of Dreams is a fast-paced action roguelite that fuses hack-and-slash combat, MOBA-style teamplay, and endless strategic variety. Journey through surreal dreamscapes where every battle tests your reflexes and every choice shapes your fate. Play solo for a tight, skill-based challenge or team up with up to three friends in real-time co-… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Shape of Dreams.

80%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

80% User Score Based on 234 reviews

You are an immortal warrior, a so-called Successor, chosen by the God of Light [Lu], the God of Fire [Ashuran], and the God of Water [Harnia]. When you die in battle, you return to the source of your lineage and are resurrected, growing stronger through the experience, equipment, and rune power you accumulate along the way. Arriving in Cliffshire, a town of light, the Successors must head to a bur… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dragon Is Dead.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, grinding

85% User Score Based on 117 reviews

Without fear, you signed the contract which would forever sever your ties to the world above, and now it is your sworn duty to brave the abyss and uncover the secrets of the old world. Your death is guaranteed, but so is your status as a legend.Gameplay The ever-shifting abyss provides an adequate challenge to fearless dungeoneers, but don't get too reckless as you only have one life to prove you… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Pixel Descent.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:music, grinding

92% User Score Based on 728 reviews

Build unique synergy spell combos to destroy the hordes of monsters and bosses in this rogue-lite action game. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Spell Disk.

81%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, atmosphere

81% User Score Based on 216 reviews

Greedventory is a gorgeous pixel-art narrative RPG experience, where the only thing between you and an embarrassingly swift death is your mouse. Strike, parry, and cast powerful spells on your enemies, loot ancient treasures, explore a brutal realm, and become the hero you never wanted to be! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Greedventory.

95%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:monetization, stability

95% User Score Based on 529 reviews

Abandoned Archive is a fantasy, spell-casting, rogue-like, featuring a wide variety of relics, a unique spell-upgrading system, with compelling and engaging bosses. Each floor is filled with items and mysteries for the player to uncover; what will you discover in the Abandoned Archive? If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Abandoned Archive.

76%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

75% User Score Based on 426 reviews

Critic Score 81%Based on 5 reviews

Sparklite is an action-adventure set in the whimsical and ever-changing land of Geodia. Battle foes in top-down action using an arsenal of gadgets, guns, and gear. Explore dangerous corners of the procedurally generated world, take down titans of the mining industry, and harness the power of Sparklite! Key Features • Stunning visuals - Intricate pixel art aesthetic inspired by retro classics • … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sparklite.

58%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

56% User Score Based on 930 reviews

Critic Score 59%Based on 1 reviews

Fear everything and nothing for death brings you closer to victory in this challenging open world action-roguelite. As the Vessel of an ancient power you must use steel and skill to complete your mission in a dangerous fantasy world inspired by Scandinavian folklore. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Ravenbound.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:music, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

93% User Score Based on 21,246 reviews

Critic Score 83%Based on 8 reviews

Risk of Rain is an action platformer with roguelike elements. With permanent death as a primary feature, players will have to play their best to get as far as possible. Fight on a mysterious planet with randomly spawning enemies and bosses, either alone or with 3 friends in online co-op. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Risk of Rain.

79%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, grinding

81% User Score Based on 213 reviews

Critic Score 75%Based on 4 reviews

Runers is a top-down rogue-like dungeon shooter where you explore a vast underground labyrinth and face fierce monsters and bosses. As the game advances further into the dungeon, you will gather Runes, which will be used to combine into 285 unique spells. Discovering new spells will unlock their entries in your Runedex; unlock them all! But be careful – if you die, your playthrough is finished. W… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Runers.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

92% User Score Based on 2,504 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 16 reviews

A surreal, roguelite inspired ARPG with modernized hack'n'slash combat about lucid dreaming. Warp the dreamscape around you to battle a nightmarish depression that lives in a young woman’s subconscious. DREAM. DIE. WAKE. REPEAT. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dreamscaper.

76%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

86% User Score Based on 2,028 reviews

Critic Score 63%Based on 8 reviews

Lost Ruins is a 2D side-scrolling survival action game, where you play as a young girl that has awoken in a strange and foreign place without her memories. With the aid of weapons, spells and tonics, and the guidance of the magical and mysterious Beatrice, you will explore a dark and dangerous world, battle hideous monsters, and topple incredible bosses. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Lost Ruins.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

83% User Score Based on 2,834 reviews

Take the battle to Arthur in style with Deluxe Edition, giving you access to the ultimate collection of cosmetic upgrades for SWORN. The Cosmetic Bundle contains a unique weapon skin for each of the 4 character’s 4 weapons and a signature outfit tailored to each hero. The Deluxe Edition of SWORN contains: •SWORN Main Game •SWORN – Deluxe Cosmetic Pack (Vigilante) •SWORN – Deluxe Cosmetic Pack (Ro… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to SWORN.