Games like Dungeons & Dragons: Krynn Series

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:music, grinding

89% User Score Based on 252 reviews

The Forgotten Realm Archives - Collection Two brings a healthy mix of “Gold Box” and nostalgia goodness to your PC, along with a combination of adventure builders, turn-based and real-time role-playing gameplay. Composed of RPG classics that premiered the Forgotten Realms to video gamers, The Forgotten Realm Archives - Collection Two contains the following titles: Pool of Radiance, Curse of the Az… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Forgotten Realms: The Archives - Collection Two.

96%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

96% User Score Based on 1,746 reviews

All three titles of the Bard's Tale series in one compilation. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Bard's Tale Trilogy.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, optimization

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, music

91% User Score Based on 266 reviews

The Forgotten Realms world of Dungeons & Dragons has been home to many a hero and imagination since its publication, producing adventures and stories to be retold and enjoyed for years to come. The Forgotten Realms Archive - Collection One allows you to journey through one such set of adventures: the Eye of the Beholder trilogy, a set of first-person, real-time role-playing games. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Forgotten Realms: The Archives - Collection One.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

85% User Score Based on 991 reviews

Critic Score 78%Based on 5 reviews

Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord is a full 3D remake of the first game in the legendary Wizardry series of RPGs. It is built directly on top of the original 1981 game's code. Although it looks all new, underneath the hood is the authentic game. You can even view the original Apple II interface as you play. While the well-known difficulty of the enemies has not been altered, quality-o… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord.

74%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, grinding

74% User Score Based on 207 reviews

Ten years ago, Wizardry set the standards in Fantasy Role-Playing (FRP). Now after two million copies have been sold and dozens of awards have been won, Bane of the Cosmic Forge raises and redefines those standards. This new Wizardry , the truest simulation ever of Fantasy Role Playing, will push your computer, your mind, and your sense of adventure to their very limits. Only through the power of … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wizardry: Bane of the Cosmic Forge.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, character development

94% User Score Based on 1,675 reviews

When darkness falls and the land is robbed of light, four youths are chosen by the crystals to set forth on a journey to save the world. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Final Fantasy III.

90%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

90% User Score Based on 2,148 reviews

Evil stirs beneath the Spine of the World. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Icewind Dale.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

92% User Score Based on 6,245 reviews

Critic Score 73%Based on 19 reviews

Kidnapped. Imprisoned. Tortured. The wizard Irenicus holds you captive in his stronghold, attempting to strip you of the powers that are your birthright. Can you resist the evil within you, forge a legend of heroic proportions, and ultimately destroy the dark essence that haunts your dreams? Or will you embrace your monstrous nature, carve a swath of destruction across the realms, and ascend to … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Baldur's Gate 2.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, atmosphere

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, gameplay

88% User Score Based on 66 reviews

Unleash your imagination into a vast, savage world, sun-scorched and wind-scraped. This series contains the radiant classics, Dark Sun: Shattered Lands, and Dark Sun: Wake of the Ravager. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dungeons & Dragons: Dark Sun Series.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

88% User Score Based on 169 reviews

Retro turn-based 2D pixelart RPG. Exploration, character choices, riddles and challenges. 80+ hours of gameplay. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to DUNGEONS OF CHAOS.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, atmosphere

93% User Score Based on 710 reviews

Critic Score 86%Based on 38 reviews

The Legacy Begins If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to DRAGON QUEST I & II HD-2D Remake.

93%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

93% User Score Based on 2,088 reviews

*This product is also contained within a bundle. Please take care not to purchase multiple copies of this product.* A remodeled 2D take on the fourth game in the world-renowned FINAL FANTASY series! Enjoy the timeless story told through charming retro graphics. All the magic of the original, with improved ease of play. The Kingdom of Baron sent their elite airship fleet, the Red Wings, to attack… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to FINAL FANTASY IV.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

92% User Score Based on 7,920 reviews

Gather your party— the classic adventure returns! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Baldur's Gate.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, grinding

89% User Score Based on 304 reviews

Begin your adventure in Crusaders of the Dark Savant. Import your characters from Bane of the Cosmic Forge or create a new party capable of surviving the rigors of a strange alien world. Both friends and foes you'll discover as you search for the forgotten secret of a once madman - the secret of the very universe itself. And you won't be alone in your search. Others as enterprising as you have al… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wizardry: Crusaders of the Dark Savant.

96%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

96% User Score Based on 1,654 reviews

A hero's destiny is written in the Stars. The legendary KONAMI JRPGs Suikoden I and Suikoden II have now been remastered in HD! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Suikoden I&II HD Remaster Gate Rune and Dunan Unification Wars.

68%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, character development

74% User Score Based on 293 reviews

Critic Score 61%Based on 8 reviews

The magic torches are lit, the monsters are ravenous, and the kingdom is waiting for a new hero. Experience the legendary Wizardry series’ modern rebirth as you traverse perilous dungeons and take on hordes of fantastic enemies. Are you up to the challenge? If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wizardry: Labyrinth of Lost Souls.

90%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

93% User Score Based on 6,120 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 2 reviews

"Captures everything that's fun about old-school RPGs." 4.5/5 – GameSpy "The balance between exciting combat, thought-provoking puzzle work, and open-ended exploration is stellar." 8.5/10 – IGN "I lost count as to how many times I threw my fist in the air and shouted, "YES!" after successfully completing a puzzle." 9.5/10 – Destructoid "Undoubtedly the best Indie Game I have played so far and at a… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Legend of Grimrock.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

89% User Score Based on 1,364 reviews

The universe is in the throes of violent upheaval and change. Vast and mysterious forces are preparing for the final confrontation. A small group of heroes from distant lands must plunge into the heart of the maelstrom, to uncover long-forgotten secrets, and bring about a new era. Should they succeed, they will gain the powers of the gods themselves. If they fail, countless worlds will fall into t… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wizardry 8.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

87% User Score Based on 19,334 reviews

Critic Score 84%Based on 27 reviews

Experience the game that revitalized the classic RPG genre in a complete and definitive package that includes every expansion, bonus, and update, presenting Pillars of Eternity at its best. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Pillars of Eternity.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

92% User Score Based on 1,940 reviews

Critic Score 79%Based on 4 reviews

DRAGON QUEST III HD-2D Remake is a stunning reimagining of the beloved masterpiece and narrative beginning to The Erdrick Trilogy. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to DRAGON QUEST III HD-2D Remake.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

80% User Score Based on 430 reviews

Critic Score 100%Based on 1 reviews

The game mechanics were based directly on those used in the tabletop role-playing games Tunnels and Trolls and Mercenaries, Spies and Private Eyes created by Wasteland developers Ken St. Andre and Michael Stackpole. Characters in Wasteland consequently have various statistics (strength, intelligence and luck among others) that allow them to use different skills and weapons. Experience is gained th… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wasteland.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

93% User Score Based on 774 reviews

Critic Score 70%Based on 1 reviews

Urak, once peaceful, is now a land of darkness, chaos and death. The people yearn for a champion to drive away the forces of evil. That champion is you. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Lords of Magic.

74%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

79% User Score Based on 3,904 reviews

Critic Score 50%Based on 1 reviews

Dungeon Siege combines the immersive elements of a role-playing game with over-the-top intensity and non-stop action. Dungeon Siege plunges you into a continuous 3D fantasy world where you face off against an army of evil that has been unleashed. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dungeon Siege.

76%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

73% User Score Based on 2,368 reviews

Critic Score 83%Based on 4 reviews

It’s been a generation since you vanquished the evil that plagued the Land of Ehb, and now…a new menace has awakened. In Dungeon Siege II, the sequel to the best-selling RPG from Gas Powered Games, you will be called on to again wield sword and spell to save the world from a growing abomination many years in the making.A thousand years ago, the crusaders of Azunai crossed swords with the legions o… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dungeon Siege II.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, replayability

88% User Score Based on 2,204 reviews

Critic Score 66%Based on 3 reviews

Kyle Katarn is a former Imperial officer turned mercenary, now hired by the Rebel Alliance. After having stolen the Death Star plans from a remote facility, he is tasked with investigating the sudden destruction of a hidden Rebel base. This leads him to face off against Imperial General Rom Mohc and the various iterations of his ''Dark Troopers'' - cybernetic soldiers with the armor and firepower… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Star Wars: Dark Forces.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

85% User Score Based on 8,888 reviews

It is a time of war. Galbadia, a Global Superpower, has declared war on Dollet, a country whose training academy is home to two personalities: the hot-headed Seifer and the 'lone wolf', Squall Leonhart. Both are equally at conflict with each other as their country is with Galbadia; to others, Squall appears lacking in team spirit, while Seifer lacks the discipline of his rival. However, a chance e… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to FINAL FANTASY VIII.

70%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

69% User Score Based on 309 reviews

Critic Score 71%Based on 17 reviews

After your plane flies through a strange rift and crashes, you awake under an unfamiliar sky. This is Sword City, a dark fantasy world that combines magic and technology. Explore, level up, make a perfect team, and slay monsters. But choose your allies carefully if you want to find a way home.In Stranger of Sword City, you must perfect your DRPG skills and navigate your way through Escario, a plac… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Stranger of Sword City.

70%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

70% User Score Based on 195 reviews

The RPG classic rises from the nuclear ashes! Wasteland Remastered is an overhaul of the 1988 title that brought the post-apocalypse to video games. See where the Wasteland series began and experience the character and world the sequels are built on. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wasteland Remastered.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, character development

79% User Score Based on 710 reviews

Critic Score 70%Based on 1 reviews

Lords of Xulima is a challenging Role-playing game set on the mythical continent of Xulima, where Gods and humans once walked side by side. Experience a genuine RPG featuring over 100 hours of gameplay, and discover one of the most epic sagas ever told. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Lords of Xulima.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

91% User Score Based on 4,941 reviews

Critic Score 81%Based on 20 reviews

The groundbreaking tactical RPG makes its long-awaited return. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Final Fantasy Tactics: The Ivalice Chronicles.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

94% User Score Based on 126 reviews

- Story Our tale starts with two protagonists: Gustave, heir to an esteemed royal line, and Wil, a young man who makes his way in the world performing excavation work. Though born in the same era, their circumstances could not be more different, and as Gustave is faced with strife and conflict between nations, Wil finds himself confronting a world-threatening calamity that lurks in the shadows. T… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to SaGa Frontier 2 Remastered.

87%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

90% User Score Based on 8,079 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 44 reviews

Enter an era of war within the world of Ivalice. The small kingdom of Dalmasca, conquered by the Archadian Empire, is left in ruin and uncertainty. Princess Ashe, the one and only heir to the throne, devotes herself to the resistance to liberate her country. Vaan, a young man who lost his family in the war, dreams of flying freely in the skies. In a fight for freedom and fallen royalty, join these… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Final Fantasy XII The Zodiac Age.

93%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:music, replayability

93% User Score Based on 347 reviews

Geneforge is an Indie fantasy role-playing game, the first game in the five-part Geneforge Saga. It features an enormous world, the ability to create your own army of lethal, totally obedient creatures, and a cunning enemy AI with foes who can go on patrols, stalk you, and run for help. Geneforge has a huge and open storyline. You have the freedom to choose your own path and decide how the stor… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Geneforge.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

86% User Score Based on 608 reviews

Summoners have toppled empires and challenged gods. They are venerated as saviours and feared as destroyers. With rings crafted by the ancient Khosani, the gifted can call forth demons, dragons, and elementals, but only the strongest can control the forces they unleash. The Story: Born with the mark of the Summoner, Joseph possesses a power greater than emperors and gods. As a child, he summoned a… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Summoner.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:atmosphere, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, story

85% User Score Based on 52 reviews

The Forgotten Realms Archives - Collection Three marks the conclusion of the Archives compilation and a change in development from Strategic Simulations Inc. to Dreamforge Intertainment. As SSI’s swan song to the Forgotten Realms universe, these titles celebrate the elements of the AD&D video games that you know and love - vast dungeons and beautiful locations to explore, a wide variety of monster… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Forgotten Realms: The Archives - Collection Three.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

84% User Score Based on 9,286 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 54 reviews

Dragon Quest XI continues the gameplay of previous games in the series, in which players explore worlds and fight against various monsters, including the ability to explore high areas. Before entering battle, players can also toggle between the 3D and 2D graphical styles. The game features the series' traditional turn-based battle system. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dragon Quest XI: Echoes of an Elusive Age.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, music

82% User Score Based on 668 reviews

Spiderweb Software brings you Avadon: The Black Fortress, the first chapter in a new, epic fantasy saga. You will serve the keep of Avadon, working as a spy and warrior to fight the enemies of your homeland. As a servant of the Black Fortress, your word is law. Experience an exciting fantasy role-playing adventure and battle a conspiracy to destroy your people. Avadon: The Black Fortress Features… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Avadon: The Black Fortress.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:music, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

88% User Score Based on 3,136 reviews

Ys I & II Chronicles+ is the most modernized and up-to-date remake of Falcom’s classic franchise-spawning action RPGs from 1987 and 1988. Come see how the story began, and witness the birth of a legend! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Ys I & II Chronicles+.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

88% User Score Based on 716 reviews

The Quest is a beautifully hand-drawn open world role playing game with old school grid-based movement, turn based combat and intricate quests. Explore a huge world, full of challenging mysteries and dangerous monsters! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Quest.

78%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

78% User Score Based on 492 reviews

The great wizard Galdryn of the Meadows has been vanquished by a deadly conspiracy within the Circle of Mages. His chief ally, Lord Davenmor, now struggles to save his kingdom from the dark forces of the conspiracy and the onslaught of Lord Barrowgrim’s army of marauders. But there is hope, for according to prophecy a Great Champion shall appear to challenge the evil invaders - the Realm awaits YO… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dungeon Lords.

65%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, story

65% User Score Based on 248 reviews

From the makers of the world renowned “Wizardry Empire” titles, Starfish SD brings you the latest entry in their popular series of dungeon crawlers. Elminage Gothic, previously only available in Japanese on PlayStation® Portable, now comes to PC offering a classic old school dungeon crawling experience with a dark, gothic twist! In ancient times, the Great and Dark Gods clashed in a ferociou… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Elminage Gothic.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

88% User Score Based on 1,774 reviews

Critic Score 76%Based on 5 reviews

The game will whisk you away to familiar locations from books 5-7 Order of the Phoenix, Half-Blood Prince and The Deathly Hallows, including Grimmauld Place, the Ministry of Magic and Godric's Hollow. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to LEGO Harry Potter: Years 5-7.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

88% User Score Based on 2,034 reviews

Low Magic Age is a fantasy RPG that focused on turn-based party-based tactical combat. Field of View, Fog of War, Cover, Zone of Control, Charging and Flanking, various and abundant tactical elements are implemented in the game rules that evolved from Wizards of the Coast's Open Game License (OGL). Inherited from classic game rules: Evolved from historic pen-and-paper game rules, plus well design… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Low Magic Age.

95%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

95% User Score Based on 601 reviews

The world of Gloriana, with all its wonderful diversity, awaits you. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Quest for Glory 1-5.

58%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

58% User Score Based on 1,632 reviews

Set in the lush and vibrant world of the Forgotten Realms, Sword Coast Legends offers an all-new way to enjoy the time-tested magic of playing Dungeons & Dragons as a shared storytelling experience. With a deep narrative developed by a team of long-time industry veterans and a partnership with Wizards of the Coast, the single player campaign of Sword Coast Legends brings the world of Faerûn home l… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sword Coast Legends.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

86% User Score Based on 70 reviews

Embark on a grand adventure in the lands of Halodra Ille! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Elminage Original.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, replayability

86% User Score Based on 564 reviews

Critic Score 60%Based on 1 reviews

Vampire: The Masquerade – Redemption is a 2000 role-playing video game based on White Wolf's game Vampire: The Masquerade and follows the adventures of Christof Romuald, a 12th-century French crusader who is killed and subsequently revived as a Vampire. The game depicts Christof's centuries-long journey from the Dark Ages of 12th century Prague and Vienna to modern-day London and New York City in … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Vampire: The Masquerade - Redemption.

68%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:music, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

77% User Score Based on 844 reviews

Critic Score 56%Based on 7 reviews

The Bard's Tale IV: Barrows Deep takes players to an astonishing adventure packed with puzzle-filled dungeon-crawling and turn-based strategy combat. Blending classic RPG gameplay and fantasy storytelling with modern design and visuals, The Bard's Tale IV: Barrows Deep is perfect for longtime fans and intrepid newcomers alike. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Bard's Tale IV.

87%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

90% User Score Based on 3,738 reviews

Critic Score 83%Based on 11 reviews

Legend of Grimrock 2 is a dungeon crawling role playing game with a modern execution but an oldschool heart. A group of four prisoners have shipwrecked on the secluded Isle of Nex. The island is filled with ancient crumbled ruins, mysterious shrines and a vast underground network of dungeons and mines. If the prisoners wish to make it out alive, they have to overcome the challenges devised by the … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Legend of Grimrock 2.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

85% User Score Based on 2,152 reviews

Critic Score 82%Based on 4 reviews

Prepare to join Knights of Pen & Paper 2 in a turn-based, retro style, pixel-art adventure full of danger, intrigue, and semi-appropriate cultural references! Assemble your party and control your group of pen and paper role-players as they are guided through their adventures by the Game Master. All the fun of pen and paper RP, none of the lost dice! Now including races like Dwarf or Elf, asse… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Knights of Pen and Paper 2.