Games like The Valley of the Pharaohs

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

88% User Score Based on 23,970 reviews

Critic Score 75%Based on 16 reviews

Roll for initiative, take attacks of opportunity, manage player location and the verticality of the battle field in this upcoming Tactical RPG by Tactical Adventures. In Solasta, you make the choices, dice decide your destiny. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Solasta: Crown of the Magister.

98%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:music, stability

98% User Score Based on 744 reviews

Dawnsbury Days is a 2D turn-based tactics game with CRPG elements that's based on the rules of PF2E, the second edition of a powerful tabletop ruleset originally published under the OGL. You play as the Dawnsbury Four, a group of four young heroes from a small town. You choose their class, feats, spells and other abilities as you lead them through a quest to save their home town from a multitude… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dawnsbury Days.

Ascendant Destiny is the brain-child of one person, and seventeen years of writing and testing with countless play-testers, brought to life visually with the help of twelve artists. It was a long journey where the author, who was tired of the limitations of others role playing game (RPG) systems, decided to create a system in his spare time for a world of his own creation. A system where the rules… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Ascendant Destiny.

AEON'S DAWN A Tactical RPG: Aeon's Dawn a Tactical RPG inspired by Fire Emblem, Final Fantasy and  elements from XCom. Bringing the tactics gameplay to you. Observe the terrain, analyze the enemies and command your party to victory. Create a steady combat formation and be able to adapt and regroup to prevent enemies from attacking you from behind.The story: Aeon's Dawn is build from the ground up … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Aeon's Dawn.

70%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

69% User Score Based on 5,449 reviews

Critic Score 71%Based on 12 reviews

Mordheim: City of the Damned is the first video game adaptation of Games Workshop's cult classic tabletop game Mordheim. Set in the Warhammer World's decimated Empire city, Mordheim: City of the Damned is a turn-based tactical game where you lead warbands into bloody and lethal skirmishes. The game blends RPG elements, fast-paced tactical combat and intricate unit customization in a time wrought b… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Mordheim: City of the Damned.

45%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, stability

43% User Score Based on 80 reviews

Critic Score 51%Based on 4 reviews

Book of Heroes is a classic role-playing game with a clear top view. The character mode is extensive: players can choose from 12 different professions and four species and adapt the appearance of their character as they wish. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Dark Eye : Book of Heroes.

You can find the online version of the Lodstone SRD here. Introduction Lodstone is a role-playing game, meaning players create characters and act out their characters' actions to work together to tell a story with the help of their Guide. The Guide is a player of sorts whose job it is to supply the characters with the framework of the story. The Guide constructs the world, plays bad guys, sets tra… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Lodstone RPG.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, stability

83% User Score Based on 799 reviews

A cooperative tactical RPG set in the D&D universe. Embark on a fantasy tabletop adventure. Your quest, on your schedule. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Demeo x Dungeons & Dragons: Battlemarked.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, graphics

83% User Score Based on 80 reviews

Play on randomly generated worlds with a party of characters just the way you like it. You will not be bounded by classes or scripted story, only by your creativity. Make your own journey. Tell your own history. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Endless RPG.

76%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, grinding

76% User Score Based on 322 reviews

The prequel to Radon Labs' award-winning RPG, Drakensang: The River of Time introduces a brand new story within the Drakensang universe. The new story brings many innovations and new game elements for experienced as well for first time players, who will jump right into the fascinating medieval fantasy RPG scenario of Drakensang: The River Of Time. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Drakensang: The River of Time.

Block, Dodge, Parry aims to be somewhat of an 'Advanced Edition' to Yochai Gal's Cairn. It is playable as an entirely standalone game, or as an 'expansion pack' to Cairn, Into The Odd, Electric Bastionland, or any other Mark of the Odd-type games. I hope it also proves helpful as a toolbox: a collection of ideas that hopefully inspire you to use what you like, tweak what you want, and expand where… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Block, Dodge, Parry - A Levelless, Classless Expansion of Cairn.

This is a Playtest version of the game. It holds limited options, but contains the vast majority of the core rules, making it possible to play the game up to 10th level. We tried to make it look and feel as polished as we could at this point of the project, but small errors and typos might still be present. This is not a final product! This Playtest is Free, but you can support the project by Payi… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Arkelon Chronicles - Playtest Version.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

82% User Score Based on 1,149 reviews

Emberhold is an atmospheric survival game with building mechanics set in a massive cave once used for excavations. Now, it stands as a realm of stone, darkness, and a solitary survivor. You will delve into the underground world, gather materials, build shelters, and adapt to the harsh environment of the depths. The cave walls conceal threats, yet within them lies the chance to survive. In this so… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Emberhold.

64%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, grinding

65% User Score Based on 110 reviews

Critic Score 60%Based on 1 reviews

Rule through the chaos! Fifteen years after Avyanna freed Nevendaar from the tyrannical grip of the gods, Disciples: Domination returns you to a realm hanging in the balance. In this dark fantasy strategy RPG with turn-based combat, take your place on Queen Avyanna’s throne – and attempt to hold together a crumbling kingdom. The fire of doubt burns scorching within her, sparked by the crushing we… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Disciples: Domination.

99%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:character development, stability

99% User Score Based on 304 reviews

A fantasy tactical RPG where you command over 70 characters across grid-based battles. Customize skills, unleash flashy Spell Cards, and enjoy rich animations in a strategic, story-driven adventure set in the world of Touhou. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Fantasy Maiden Wars: Dream of the Stray Dreamer.

78%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, graphics

86% User Score Based on 42 reviews

Warning: despite appearances, this is a hectic, mind-juggling action game; you are advised to try the demo first. It's late at night in your 80’s bedroom, and a weird energy fills the air, making your “G64” computer flicker oddly. Brushing it off, you roll up a character sheet for the tabletop roleplaying games on your shelf. Before you finish, dark portals appear on your desk and little pixel cr… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to CrossOver: Roll For Initiative.

87%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

86% User Score Based on 8,431 reviews

Critic Score 90%Based on 1 reviews

Songs of Conquest is a turn based game where you build a kingdom, raise armies and control powerful magicians called wielders. You’ll quest around for loot, fight monsters, optimize build orders and strategies to pick off the enemy teams. We call it Classic Adventure Strategy, for short. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Songs of Conquest.

80%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

79% User Score Based on 2,448 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 1 reviews

Fallen Enchantress: Legendary Heroes is the new standalone expansion to Stardock’s turn-based, fantasy strategy game. Players will forge a new empire in a world sundered by powerful magic, fight against terrible creatures, complete quests and rediscover lost secrets in their bid to rule the world of Elemental. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Fallen Enchantress: Legendary Heroes.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

85% User Score Based on 2,152 reviews

Critic Score 84%Based on 4 reviews

Prepare to join Knights of Pen & Paper 2 in a turn-based, retro style, pixel-art adventure full of danger, intrigue, and semi-appropriate cultural references! Assemble your party and control your group of pen and paper role-players as they are guided through their adventures by the Game Master. All the fun of pen and paper RP, none of the lost dice! Now including races like Dwarf or Elf, asse… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Knights of Pen and Paper 2.

66%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

62% User Score Based on 324 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 2 reviews

Sorcerer King: Rivals is a turn-based fantasy 4X game from the people who brought you Galactic Civilizations and Sins of a Solar Empire. Build a civilization, go on quests, craft weapons and armor, research spells and gain enough magical power to ascend to godhood. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sorcerer King: Rivals.

72%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, stability

70% User Score Based on 351 reviews

Critic Score 75%Based on 13 reviews

Sorcerer King is a new direction for 4X game design, pitting the player against a single overwhelmingly powerful enemy instead of a set of evenly matched factions racing for abstract victory conditions. Think of the Sorcerer King as the evil mage who won the last traditional 4X game. He has already conquered the world. His enemies (including you) are scattered, their armies broken and cities torn… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sorcerer King.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

84% User Score Based on 1,269 reviews

ADOM (Ancient Domains Of Mystery) is one of the most successful roguelike games ever created, boasting a brilliant mix of story, RPG, exploration, and intensely strategic and flexible combat. The Steam version adds various Deluxe features like achievements, difficulty level customization and various play modes (e.g. a story mode allowing to save and restore games, a weekly challenge game, an explo… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to ADOM (Ancient Domains Of Mystery).

61%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

57% User Score Based on 1,690 reviews

Critic Score 65%Based on 15 reviews

What happens when the only hope of a threatened world lies not with heroes in shining armor, but in the hands of a band of misfits and criminals? Blackguards, a new turn-based strategy RPG, explores this very question. You will discover over 180 unique hex-based battlegrounds within a dark and mature story of crime, drugs, and murder. Play as a warrior, mage or hunter and customize your characte… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Blackguards.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

90% User Score Based on 2,014 reviews

Critic Score 82%Based on 4 reviews

Buy Demeo on PlayStation Store. Gather your friends and battle the dark forces in this award-winning RPG dungeon crawler for PS VR2. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Demeo.

74%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

74% User Score Based on 185 reviews

Himeko Sutori is a tactical, turn-based RPG that combines intimate character development with epic battles featuring hundreds of unique characters. With the included campaign editor, you can make new worlds and new adventures, making Himeko Sutori your story. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Himeko Sutori.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

89% User Score Based on 902 reviews

Build heroic group of 4 by combining unique talents in a turn-based tactics RPG If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Heroes of Steel RPG.

70%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

72% User Score Based on 978 reviews

Critic Score 65%Based on 1 reviews

Black Geyser: Couriers of Darkness is an isometric, party and XP based, real-time RPG (with pause option) set in the world of Yerengal. A game that combines immersive graphics and brand-new features with virtues of the classic RPGs we all loved! Solve mysteries, fight epic battles, help beggars and kings alike, outwit swindlers and gods, and never forget: greed has many forms and many names! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Black Geyser: Couriers of Darkness.

67%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

63% User Score Based on 623 reviews

Critic Score 70%Based on 19 reviews

Blackguards 2 is a turn-based strategy-RPG and will deliver challenging hexfield battles and a gritty story filled with violence and crime. Choose your playstyle: no matter if front line combat monster, mage or ranged fighter it's in your hands how you want to develop your character. Every action has consequences, so make your decisions wisely. Death may be just around the corner. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Blackguards 2.

65%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, emotional

65% User Score Based on 151 reviews

Antharion is an epic old-school fantasy RPG that combines tactical turn-based combat with the freedom of a huge living-breathing open world. You'll create and customize a party of four: choosing from seven races, nine classes and fifteen skills, before setting out to explore the fully interactive continent of Antharion. Explore dungeons, get thrown in jail, discover hidden passageways, burglarize … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to AntharioN.

A New Age Begins . . . Years after a mysterious series of magical Churnings, kingdoms of Mushrooms awoke in a world left behind by the Ancients, surrounded by strange beasts and remnants of ancient technology from when "humans" walked the soils. In the years following, Mushroomkind fought and explored, discovered and innovated. But Mushrooms are small, and the world is large; much remains to be le… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Mushrooms & Magic.

"Sometimes you just want to roll some dice and play an RPG."  A famous quote by me. And that's why Harper's Quest 2 exists.  Harper's Quest 2 (HQ2) builds off the simple solo, low-prep ttrpg dungeon crawl from the original Harper's Quest and expands it to a comprehensive rpg system.  Build your own adventure. Roll a quest, develop your enemies, create your character and you are ready to go.  The "… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Harper's Quest 2.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

87% User Score Based on 374 reviews

Critic Score 75%Based on 7 reviews

LOST EPIC is a 2D side-scrolling action about a war between gods and humanity. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to LOST EPIC.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, story

89% User Score Based on 582 reviews

Post-Release Roadmap About the Game Beyond the jagged seas lies the the land of Dragaea, you arrived on it's shores called by a mysterious force in a dream to discover it's secrets and become a legend in your own right. Legends of Dragaea is a First Person Idle Dungeon Crawler, where you form parties of heroes and plumb mysterious dungeons in search of glory, wealth, and loot. Discov… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Legends of Dragaea: Idle Dungeons.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

88% User Score Based on 2,034 reviews

Low Magic Age is a fantasy RPG that focused on turn-based party-based tactical combat. Field of View, Fog of War, Cover, Zone of Control, Charging and Flanking, various and abundant tactical elements are implemented in the game rules that evolved from Wizards of the Coast's Open Game License (OGL). Inherited from classic game rules: Evolved from historic pen-and-paper game rules, plus well design… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Low Magic Age.

87%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

90% User Score Based on 3,738 reviews

Critic Score 83%Based on 11 reviews

Legend of Grimrock 2 is a dungeon crawling role playing game with a modern execution but an oldschool heart. A group of four prisoners have shipwrecked on the secluded Isle of Nex. The island is filled with ancient crumbled ruins, mysterious shrines and a vast underground network of dungeons and mines. If the prisoners wish to make it out alive, they have to overcome the challenges devised by the … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Legend of Grimrock 2.

65%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

61% User Score Based on 386 reviews

Critic Score 86%Based on 1 reviews

Galaxy of Pen & Paper is a turn-based meta RPG about a group of players rolling dice in the year 1999! Create your own game master and RPG party, as they roleplay, explore distant planets in their imagination, fight weird aliens and save the galaxy in the era of dial-up internet and floppy disks! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Galaxy of Pen and Paper.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, character development

89% User Score Based on 1,461 reviews

Conquest of Elysium 5 is a quick turn based fantasy strategy game with a touch of rogue-like. The game is full of depth, details and monsters. There are also a huge number of factions, each with its own unique gameplay and magic rituals. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Conquest of Elysium 5.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

83% User Score Based on 349 reviews

Rune Knights is a cooperative, third-person, hack-and-slash action RPG focused on customization, crafting, and combat. Level up by killing monsters, collect loot, craft your own weapons and armor, and choose from over 120 unique talents and 60 different powerful abilities. Customize your character's aesthetics, stats, and gameplay as you battle through procedurally generated and hand-crafted level… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Rune Knights.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, music

73% User Score Based on 238 reviews

This new adaptation of the Talisman board game focuses on solo play as you adventure through many epic quests using the full rule-set of the Revised 4th Edition. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Talisman: Origins.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

87% User Score Based on 1,537 reviews

Critic Score 73%Based on 3 reviews

Research and master dozens of spells, conjure powerful enchantments and discover awesome spell combinations. Command an expansive range of units, all with unique abilities. Engage in epic battles with large armies marching across the landscape. Command the game Fight on the side of one of the eight gods. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Warlock: Master of the Arcane.

58%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

58% User Score Based on 1,632 reviews

Critic Score 59%Based on 16 reviews

Set in the lush and vibrant world of the Forgotten Realms, Sword Coast Legends offers an all-new way to enjoy the time-tested magic of playing Dungeons & Dragons as a shared storytelling experience. With a deep narrative developed by a team of long-time industry veterans and a partnership with Wizards of the Coast, the single player campaign of Sword Coast Legends brings the world of Faerûn home l… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sword Coast Legends.

72%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

73% User Score Based on 150 reviews

Critic Score 72%Based on 3 reviews

Pharaonic is an unforgiving sidescrolling Action-RPG set in Ancient Egypt. Explore a vast kingdom full of dangers and brutal enemies while you find the truth behind Ahmosis I, the Red Pharaoh. Polish your combat skills to the finest and loot the best gear possible to even have the slightest chance of overcoming this difficult endeavor. Will you opt for lightweight equipment, trusting on your agil… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Pharaonic.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

92% User Score Based on 2,336 reviews

Critic Score 60%Based on 6 reviews

Renowned Explorers is a strategy adventure game. Assemble your team and use their beauty, brains or brawn to resolve any encounters they come across during their expeditions. Become famous by discovering the most prestigious treasures in a fictitious 19th century! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Renowned Explorers: International Society.

78%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, gameplay

86% User Score Based on 42 reviews

The Curse of Feldar Vale is set on the world of Qaedon, a thousand years before the Great Cataclysm. Known as the Age of Chaos, humans, greenskins, and all manner of monsters fight to survive these troubled times. The once peaceful Vale is now beset with evil creatures and dark deeds as an ancient curse is unleashed on the land. Build a party of 4-6 characters to adventure across the vale to seek… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Curse of Feldar Vale.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:humor, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, grinding

84% User Score Based on 3,934 reviews

Critic Score 66%Based on 1 reviews

Step into the wacky heroic fantasy universe of the Dungeon of Naheulbeuk. Lead a team of unlikely and clumsy heroes in an epic and challenging tactical RPG. Live an adventure filled with humor, surprises and silly encounters. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Dungeon Of Naheulbeuk: The Amulet Of Chaos.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

88% User Score Based on 638 reviews

Critic Score 89%Based on 1 reviews

Age of Wonders: Shadow Magic is the third entry in the award winning fantasy strategy series. This fan-favorite enhances the series' praised fusion of empire building, role-playing and tactical combat with the eerie Shadow World and battle with races never before seen, across new and diverse landscapes. Combined with the option of creating a totally unique environment with the map generator and… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Age of Wonders Shadow Magic.

67%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

65% User Score Based on 168 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 1 reviews

A true role-playing adventure. Set in the icy Staglands, this party-based CRPG has you take the role of a trapped god on a perilous journey across a beautiful, deadly peninsula. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Serpent in the Staglands.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:music, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

88% User Score Based on 1,568 reviews

Critic Score 72%Based on 3 reviews

A legendary series returns with a grand new adventure If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Monster Boy and the Cursed Kingdom.

69%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

69% User Score Based on 535 reviews

Cleveland Mark Blakemore's Magnum Opus! The ultimate classic style turn-based roleplaying game in the tradition of Wizardry, Might&Magic, Lands Of Lore and Eye of the Beholder! A game that took over 20 years to produce! As much as 600 hours of play with hand-painted graphics and old skool goodness! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Grimoire: Heralds of the Winged Exemplar.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

89% User Score Based on 13,046 reviews

Critic Score 77%Based on 2 reviews

The unique cyberpunk-meets-fantasy world of Shadowrun has gained a huge cult following since its creation nearly 25 years ago. Creator Jordan Weisman returns to the world of Shadowrun, modernizing this classic game setting as a single player, turn-based tactical RPG. In the urban sprawl of the Seattle metroplex, the search for a mysterious killer sets you on a trail that leads from the darkest slu… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Shadowrun Returns.