Games like Age of Empires II

95%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

95% User Score Based on 9,062 reviews

Rise of Nations is back! Play the updated classic with full Steamworks integration and enhanced features, including Twitch.tv streaming! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Rise of Nations.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

91% User Score Based on 13,898 reviews

Critic Score 78%Based on 23 reviews

Microsoft Studios brings you three epic Age of Empires III games in one monumental collection for the first time. Immerse yourself in the award-winning strategy experience. Microsoft Studios brings you three epic Age of Empires III games in one monumental collection for the first time. Command mighty European powers looking to explore new lands in the New World; or jump eastward to Asia and det… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Age of Empires III.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

83% User Score Based on 6,414 reviews

Age of Empires, the pivotal RTS that launched a 20-year legacy returns in definitive form for Windows 10 PCs. Bringing together all of the officially released content with modernized gameplay, all-new visuals and a host of other new features, Age of Empires: Definitive Edition is the complete RTS package. Engage in over 40 hours of updated campaign content with new narration and pacing, jump onlin… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Age of Empires Definitive Edition.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

87% User Score Based on 43,644 reviews

Critic Score 83%Based on 7 reviews

It's time to battle through history once more in the latest entry of the landmark Age of Empires franchise. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Age of Empires IV.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, monetization

77% User Score Based on 7,809 reviews

Critic Score 78%Based on 3 reviews

The most popular Heroes title of all time is back in HD! Fifteen years later, rediscover the epic tale of Queen Catherine Ironfist, as she re-embarks on her critically acclaimed quest to unite her ravaged homeland and re-conquer the kingdom of Erathia. Forge the destinies of mighty and magical heroes, leading fantastic and ferocious creatures in a game that still stands today as the landmark opus… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Heroes of Might & Magic III.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

91% User Score Based on 3,076 reviews

Lead the great armies of the Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones saga in intense real-time strategy clashes. Enter the fray as the Galactic Empire, Rebel Alliance, Wookies, Trade Federation, Gungans or Royal Naboo to determine the course of the Galactic Civil War. Expand the battlefield with the Clone Campaigns addon. Choose to play as the breakaway Confederacy of Independent Systems or th… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to STAR WARS™ Galactic Battlegrounds Saga.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

95% User Score Based on 10,894 reviews

Critic Score 90%Based on 2 reviews

The Collection Edition includes: Rome: Total War Guide one of three noble Roman families on a century spanning quest to seize control of the Roman Empire. Rome: Total War - Barbarian Invasion (first official expansion pack to Rome: Total War) Witness the decline of Rome as Barbarian hordes attack, forcing a bitter internal struggle between rival factions. Rome: Total War - Alexander (second offi… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Rome: Total War.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

91% User Score Based on 5,054 reviews

Sid Meier's Civilization III: Complete, the latest offering in the Sid Meier's Civilization III franchise, provides gaming fans with Sid Meier's Civilization III, the highly-addictive journey of discovery, combined with the updated and enhanced multiplayer expansion pack Sid Meier's Civilization III: Play the World*, as well as all of the great new civilizations, scenarios, and features from Sid M… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sid Meier's Civilization® III Complete.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, monetization

92% User Score Based on 3,575 reviews

Steam WorkshopSteam workshop support for User Maps About the GameCommand & Conquer Generals Zero Hour brings you closer to the enemy than ever before. Engage opposing forces at hot spots around the globe as you match strategies and arsenals against the new masterminds of modern war. Arsenal. Unleash the next generation of 3D new units and 20 new upgrades including China's ECM Tank, GLA's … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Command & Conquer™ Generals Zero Hour.

97%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:music, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, atmosphere

97% User Score Based on 2,547 reviews

What began as a conflict over the transfer of consciousness from flesh to machines escalated into a war which has decimated a million worlds. The Core and the Arm have all but exhausted the resources of a galaxy in their struggle for domination. Both sides now crippled beyond repair, the remnants of their armies continue to battle on ravaged planets, their hatred fuelled by over four thousand year… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Total Annihilation.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

89% User Score Based on 2,393 reviews

Stronghold 2: Steam Edition allows players to experience true ‘castle life’ gameplay. Entertain your subjects or rule with an iron fist, dispensing medieval justice to overworked and malnourished peasants. With powerful barons jostling for power over a disintegrating kingdom, it is up to you to stem the tides of ambition and unite the land under the one true King! With an intricate economy, siege … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Stronghold 2: Steam Edition.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

94% User Score Based on 7,267 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 2 reviews

Prepare yourself for the grim, dark future of the 41st millennium, where alien races battle mankind for galactic domination in a universe of unending war. Personalize your armies with a revolutionary unit customization tool that gives you the ability to choose your armies insignias, banners, squad colors and names. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

85% User Score Based on 2,300 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 2 reviews

Witness the amazing evolution of the genre-defining strategy game as it becomes a next-generation phenomenon, melding classic deep fantasy with next-generation visuals and gameplay. In the renowned Might & Magic universe, demon swarms spread chaos over the land in a relentless assault. The fate of the world is at stake and Heroes from a variety of legendary factions must stand up to defend their c… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Heroes of Might & Magic V.

81%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

83% User Score Based on 11,589 reviews

Critic Score 78%Based on 19 reviews

Includes: Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition AOE III: DE – United States Civilization AOE III:DE – Mexico Civilization AOE III:DE – The African Royals Plus the new! AOEIII:DE – Knights of the Mediterranean Experience everything Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition has to offer with The Complete History bundle. This bundle includes the full Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition game plus all… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Age of Empires III.

95%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

95% User Score Based on 7,749 reviews

Critic Score 98%Based on 2 reviews

Company of Heroes: Gold Edition includes: Company of Heroes and the expansion Company of Heroes - Opposing Fronts If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Company of Heroes.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

92% User Score Based on 34,793 reviews

Critic Score 92%Based on 4 reviews

Total War: SHOGUN 2 is the perfect mix of real-time and turn-based strategy gaming for newcomers and veterans alike. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Total War: Shogun 2.

87%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

89% User Score Based on 4,404 reviews

Critic Score 83%Based on 3 reviews

This collector's edition contains: - Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars - 5 new multiplayer maps - Unique unit skins. - 5 wallpapers. - Bonus DVD. Only 100,000 copies of this package were published. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars.

81%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, monetization

89% User Score Based on 10,935 reviews

Critic Score 73%Based on 10 reviews

Age of Mythology: Retold is a remastered version of the 2002 real-time strategy classic Age of Mythology. Players manage civilizations inspired by Greek, Norse, and Egyptian mythologies, commanding human armies and legendary monsters while invoking the powers of gods to shape the battlefield. Built on the Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition engine, the remake features overhauled visuals, update… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Age of Mythology: Retold.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

89% User Score Based on 2,394 reviews

Enjoy the complete medieval experience in The Stronghold Collection, featuring five real-time strategy games. Create and defend your castle stronghold as you expand your lands, survey the castle life in your domain, host great jousting festivals and feasts, or conduct public executions to keep the peasantry in line. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Stronghold Collection.

90%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

90% User Score Based on 1,557 reviews

Stronghold is a historic real-time strategy game developed by Firefly Studios. While the game focuses primarily on conquest and expansion through military pursuits, Stronghold does provide space for economic strategy and development: there is both an economic and a military campaign to be played and both are discussed in the game manual. The game takes place in Medieval Britain around the time of … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Stronghold.

97%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, monetization

96% User Score Based on 2,153 reviews

Critic Score 100%Based on 1 reviews

Unreal Tournament is a first-person arena shooter video game developed by Epic Games and Digital Extremes. It was the second installment in the Unreal series. It is an arena first-person shooter, with head-to-head multiplayer deathmatches being the primary focus of the game. Other game modes include TDM. CTF, Assault, Domination, Last man Standing etc. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Unreal Tournament.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

92% User Score Based on 31,792 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 3 reviews

Contains the complete Tiberian Dawn and Red Alert games, plus all three expansion packs (Covert Operations, Counterstrike, and The Aftermath), completely remastered music and graphics, UI improvements, and tons of bonus features and improvements. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Command & Conquer Remastered.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:humor, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

94% User Score Based on 5,138 reviews

Those intrepid invertebrates return with a vengeance in the much-loved Worms™ Armageddon. It’s a whole new can of worms! It’s hilarious fun that you can enjoy on your own or with all your friends. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Worms Armageddon.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

94% User Score Based on 48,035 reviews

Critic Score 84%Based on 27 reviews

Total War: Warhammer II is a strategy game of titanic proportions. Choose from four unique, varied factions and wage war your way; mounting a campaign of conquest to save or destroy a vast and vivid fantasy world. This is a game of two halves: one a turn-based open-world campaign, and the other intense, tactical real-time battles across the fantastical landscapes of the New World. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Total War: WARHAMMER II.

80%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:monetization, optimization

83% User Score Based on 43,994 reviews

Critic Score 77%Based on 6 reviews

Experience the ultimate WWII RTS platform with COH2 and its standalone expansions. This package includes the base game, which you can then upgrade by purchasing The Western Front Armies, Ardennes Assault and/or The British Forces. More info in the "About This Game" section below. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Company of Heroes 2.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

94% User Score Based on 3,862 reviews

The world erupts in conflict as Soviet forces invade American soil in Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2. You are the Supreme Commander. Arm yourself to the teeth with top-secret technologies and lead the Soviet or Allied troops to victory. Plus, defeat an army of mind-controlled Soviet forces in the expansion Command & Conquer: Yuri's Revenge. Game Features: Many ways to play - Lead Sovie… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Command & Conquer Red Alert™ 2 and Yuri’s Revenge™.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

81% User Score Based on 9,624 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 2 reviews

SimCity 4 Deluxe Edition includes the bestselling SimCity 4 and the all-new SimCity 4 Rush Hour Expansion Pack. Create the most massive region of cities ever, with a farming town, bedroom community, high-tech commercial center, and industrial backbone. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to SimCity 4: Deluxe Edition.

81%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

85% User Score Based on 47,120 reviews

Critic Score 74%Based on 5 reviews

Encompassing one of the best-known periods in world history, Total War: Rome II will combines turn-based campaigns with large, cinematic real-time battles. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Total War: Rome II.

96%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, story

96% User Score Based on 2,094 reviews

The lands of England and Wales are ruled by powerful feudal nobles who cruelly oppress the people. They all have their eyes on the English throne, and they’re willing to do anything to seize it. The people cry out for a leader who can unite them: A leader worthy of a kingdom. Advancing the series’ trademark template of turn-based and real-time strategy, If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Lords of the Realm II.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

91% User Score Based on 14,548 reviews

Critic Score 79%Based on 5 reviews

Includes full versions of - Titan Quest. - Titan Quest: Immortal Throne expansion pack. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Titan Quest.

93%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

93% User Score Based on 1,276 reviews

Hail Governor, your city awaits. As a provincial governor charged with spreading the glory of Rome our mission is clear: build cities, foster trade and industry, make money. How you accomplish this is entirely up to you. Gain wealth and power, make a career out of pleasing the emperor, battle Barbarians and repel invaders or concentrate on building the next Eternal City. Fail and you’ll end up as… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Caesar™ 3.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

96% User Score Based on 20,959 reviews

Critic Score 90%Based on 2 reviews

Conquer kingdoms to rule an empire and dominate the Middle Ages. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Medieval II: Total War.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

96% User Score Based on 148,426 reviews

Critic Score 81%Based on 4 reviews

Become Ruler of the World by establishing and leading a civilization from the dawn of man into the space age: Wage war, conduct diplomacy, discover new technologies, go head-to-head with some of history’s greatest leaders and build the most powerful empire the world has ever known. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sid Meier's Civilization V.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

96% User Score Based on 2,148 reviews

Critic Score 79%Based on 4 reviews

Genetically-alter animals to create the perfect mutant creations in "Impossible Creatures", the 2003 classic RTS. Taking place in a fictional 1930's setting, take down an evil villain in the single player campaign or challenge other players online in multiplayer. The armies consist of 9 creatures; each one is a combination of any two animals from a list of 76 (51 with no downloads). Many animal… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Impossible Creatures.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, stability

95% User Score Based on 1,535 reviews

Critic Score 90%Based on 1 reviews

Welcome to the Arena, where high-ranking warriors are transformed into spineless mush. Abandoning every ounce of common sense and any trace of doubt, you lunge onto a stage of harrowing landscapes and veiled abysses. Your new environment rejects you with lava pits and atmospheric hazards as legions of foes surround you, testing the gut reaction that brought you here in the first place. Your new ma… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Quake III Arena.

81%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

87% User Score Based on 1,772 reviews

Critic Score 60%Based on 2 reviews

Lead as fantasy characters throughout history: King Arthur and the forces of Camelot, Siegfried and Dietrich in the German Ice Campaign, and unleash the fury of the forces of evil in Vlad Dracul’s Transylvania. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Stronghold Legends.

79%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

77% User Score Based on 1,060 reviews

Critic Score 90%Based on 1 reviews

Welcome to Age of Wonders, the authentic turn-based fantasy strategy classic that started the hit series. Age of Wonders’ intimate atmosphere with painterly graphics still shines today. The game’s fully patched up, start building your fantasy empire today! The Age of Wonders, once a time of magic and peace. An age swept into the ravaging gale of chaos by the arrival of a single, uninvited race: t… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Age of Wonders.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

97% User Score Based on 8,492 reviews

Critic Score 75%Based on 2 reviews

The Infinite War rages on across the galaxy. Negotiations have failed and our only hope for an end to the destruction is through victory in combat. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

95% User Score Based on 2,378 reviews

Critic Score 83%Based on 4 reviews

R.U.S.E is a one-of-a-kind real-time strategy game that allows players to bluff their enemies to lead their nation to victory, controlling the action using views that range seamlessly from the heart of the battlefield to the full theatre of war. Players will be plunged into the action thanks to the exclusive IRISZOOM engine which offers an intuitive interface that allows for smooth, rapid transiti… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to R.U.S.E..

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

84% User Score Based on 29,428 reviews

Critic Score 70%Based on 1 reviews

Settle. Survive. Conquer. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Northgard.

69%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

68% User Score Based on 7,582 reviews

Critic Score 71%Based on 4 reviews

Stronghold Crusader 2 is the long awaited sequel to Stronghold: Crusader, the original 'castle sim'. After 12 years Stronghold returns to the deserts of the Middle East circa 1189, with a new 3D engine and realistic castle destruction powered by Havok Physics. Crusader 2 will recapture the original game’s addictive, fast-paced gameplay and authentic castle simulation. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Stronghold Crusader 2.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, optimization

91% User Score Based on 3,000 reviews

Element TD 2 is the culmination of 15 years of multiplayer tower defense development, with the original mod having been downloaded over 5 million times across WarCraft 3, StarCraft 2 and Dota 2. With dozens of towers, alongside an array of maps to test your defenses, this is a feature-packed standalone sequel prepared to challenge tower defense players. Let Elements Collide With 6 elements that c… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Element TD 2.

68%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, stability

68% User Score Based on 1,055 reviews

Tower Wars combines elements of tower defense, RTS, and all-out multi-player mayhem to bring you a completely unique experience, delivered with a fun and funny not-so-old world style! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Tower Wars.

78%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, monetization

87% User Score Based on 52,760 reviews

Critic Score 69%Based on 43 reviews

Put your mastery of the blaster and the Force to the test online and offline in STAR WARS Battlefront II: Celebration Edition. Heroes are born on the battlefront. Be the hero in the ultimate STAR WARS battle fantasy. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Star Wars Battlefront 2.

70%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, story

70% User Score Based on 1,529 reviews

Medieval: Total War - Gold Edition is a Strategy game, developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega, which was released in 2006 and included the Viking Invasion expansion. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Medieval: Total War - Collection.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

91% User Score Based on 7,098 reviews

Command any of the six unique factions in the next standalone expansion of the critically acclaimed Dawn of War real-time strategy franchise. Choose to build a massive army or lead a small squad of elite heroes into battle and experience a single player campaign customized to your favorite race. Go online and face off against your enemies and experience the fast brutal combat of the 41st millenniu… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War II: Retribution.

97%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

97% User Score Based on 1,874 reviews

Zeus + Poseidon delivers hundreds of hours of gameplay in one game! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Zeus + Poseidon.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:humor, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, stability

86% User Score Based on 2,807 reviews

Critic Score 75%Based on 3 reviews

Ten years on from Worms Armageddon and the turn-based comic mayhem continues in Worms Reloaded, an all-new edition available for PC through Steam. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Worms Reloaded.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

92% User Score Based on 2,868 reviews

Immerse yourself in Ancient Egypt from the age of the great pyramids to the final years of the New Kingdom. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Pharaoh + Cleopatra.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

87% User Score Based on 3,524 reviews

Critic Score 79%Based on 46 reviews

Buy Diablo II: Resurrected for PS4 & PS5, the definitive remastering of Diablo II and its Lord of Destruction expansion. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Diablo II: Resurrected.