Games like Aaron Drake: Ace Detective

Seven murders planned. Seven religious tableaus designed. One killer who calls himself the Messiah. You are the lead investigator on the most disturbing serial case your city has ever seen. A killer with surgical precision is staging victims as works of sacred art—and a cult of 500+ followers worships him online. Your only weapon? The contradictions witnesses can't hide. How It Works I… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Critical Interrogator: Messiah Hunt.

69%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, stability

92% User Score Based on 26 reviews

Mohism: Battle of Words is a detective game set in the world of wuxia. You play as Zhang Xiaochen, a young Rift Watcher, navigating through a series of unsolved cases at his master's behest and eventually becoming a master detective. This is not a traditional wuxia game, as our protagonist Xiaochen knows no martial arts. Instead, you must rely on wits and rhetoric to reveal the truth and best the… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Mohism: Battle of Words.

90%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

90% User Score Based on 2,586 reviews

Become the most celebrated detective of all time: Sherlock Holmes! Use your impressive talents as a detective to solve six thrilling and varied cases: murders, missing persons, spectacular thefts and numerous investigations that sometimes lead you into the realms of the fantastic. Will you follow your moral compass, or will you apply the letter of the law? The great freedom of action in Crimes … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sherlock Holmes: Crimes and Punishments.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

94% User Score Based on 64 reviews

Critic Score 83%Based on 6 reviews

The star magician of Morgan’s Traveling Circus has vanished, but the show must go on! Death Trick: Double Blind is a non-linear detective game where an unlikely duo must gather clues, question suspects, and reveal contradictions to unravel the mystery of the missing magician! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Death Trick: Double Blind.

80%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, grinding

81% User Score Based on 475 reviews

Critic Score 79%Based on 8 reviews

What Is This? A Case of Distrust is a narrative mystery from 1924 San Francisco. Play as private investigator Phyllis Cadence Malone in this historical 2D adventure game. Explore underground... If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to A Case of Distrust.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, gameplay

91% User Score Based on 112 reviews

Critic Score 70%Based on 1 reviews

A secluded mountain resort, 10 friends, 1 murderer. Investigate, interrogate and present evidence as you solve various mysteries throughout the night. Will you be able to reach the truth and uncover the culprit’s identity? Or will your deductions lead you to blame someone completely innocent...? If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Shinrai: Broken Beyond Despair.

80%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, replayability

100% User Score Based on 31 reviews

StoryA grisly murder took place at the offices of Lilien Entertainment, home of famous VTuber "Kuripa," resulting in the death of its founder. The killer can only be one of the company's six employees. What's weird, though, is that multiple employees all claim to be Kuripa's real face, saying they were streaming at the time of the murder—which is, of course, impossible. As prosecutor Ju… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Real Face of a VTuber.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, grinding

90% User Score Based on 1,752 reviews

Critic Score 76%Based on 28 reviews

Become the most celebrated detective of all time: Sherlock Holmes! Use your impressive talents as a detective to solve six thrilling and varied cases: murders, missing persons, spectacular thefts and numerous investigations that sometimes lead you into the realms of the fantastic. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sherlock Holmes: Crimes & Punishments.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, grinding

95% User Score Based on 250 reviews

Critic Score 82%Based on 3 reviews

Inspector Waffles, a witty detective cat, has been called to investigate the murder of Fluffy, beloved CEO of Box Furnitures. In this point-and-click adventure game, interrogate, gather clues... If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Inspector Waffles.

96%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, grinding

96% User Score Based on 2,609 reviews

Freya Fellow had been murdered... by an unfinished painting?! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Tangle Tower.

67%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, monetization

64% User Score Based on 278 reviews

Critic Score 71%Based on 9 reviews

Crime O'Clock is an investigation and time exploration game with a deep storyline. Investigate cases through time and evolving maps by unveiling a multi-eras linked story. Will you be observant enough to solve the mysteries? Crime waits for no man! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Crime O'Clock.

The year is 1910. You arrive in the Town of Almanac with a key, a letter, and a missing friend. You were a detective once. Now you are running someone else’s agency, taking on cases to pay the rent. Your colleague had discovered something hidden inside Almanac, and someone in this town made sure they would never explain what it was. To survive here, you will need to do what detectives do best: … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Almanac: Detective Agency.

67%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, atmosphere

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, music

78% User Score Based on 138 reviews

Critic Score 30%Based on 2 reviews

Step into the mind of John Morley, a 1940s detective on his final case. Explore shadowed places long forgotten by time, and piece together crime scenes in a narrative adventure steeped in mystery, unexpected twists, and a truth buried for decades. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Last Case of John Morley.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, replayability

96% User Score Based on 436 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 1 reviews

Chicken Police is an "Animal Noir Adventure Game", set in the fictional world of the Wilderness, featuring a gripping, dark story, mature themes and a unique sense of humor. The game has classic point & click elements, mixed with visual novel style dialogue-heavy storytelling. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Chicken Police.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, replayability

100% User Score Based on 33 reviews

Controls Z - A button (Interact) X - B button (Cancel) Enter - Start (Pause) Inspector Waffles Early Days is a new game for Game boy color and PC, and it's  the prequel of Inspector Waffles, the adventure/detective game released in 2021.  This time, follow Waffles in his first days as a Inspector and prove to everyone that you are more than just a rookie. Find clues, report to your partner and so… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Inspector Waffles Early Days.

71%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, replayability

81% User Score Based on 6,653 reviews

Critic Score 61%Based on 26 reviews

MURDERED: SOUL SUSPECT takes players into a whole new realm of mystery where the case is personal and the clues just out of reach, challenging gamers to solve the hardest case of all… their own murder. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Murdered: Soul Suspect.

63%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:atmosphere, replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, story

67% User Score Based on 45 reviews

In Homicide Desk you work a homicide the way a real detective's desk works: a case file lands, a short list of suspects, and a screen full of tools. No waypoints, no glowing clues, no cutscenes telling you what to think. Read the evidence, run the lab, and question your suspects in your own words — then decide who you're willing to charge. Get it right and the case closes. Get it wrong and Intern… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Homicide Desk.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding

94% User Score Based on 53 reviews

There they stood all steeped in shame, another victim claimed in my name. The Murder Hotel is an interactive Murder Mystery Adventure with a huge twist: A scissors wielding demon is the murderer and you have to blame one of the human guests, forging a plausible theory how they could have done it. Feel free to call me Gastfenger. I'm the demonic hotelier, at your service. Oh, you w… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Murder Hotel.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, music

94% User Score Based on 62 reviews

A family is gathered for a cozy celebration, but everyone looks miserable! What happened here? Who are these people (and pets)?! And why are they so unhappy?!? From the family dog to the grumpy grandma, peek inside their unfortunate lives and investigate the events leading up to the party. Scour each silly scene for clues that point to identities, motives, and misadventures.  Use your ded… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Case of the Worst Day Ever.

99%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, gameplay

99% User Score Based on 82 reviews

Detective Ridelle is a cozy murder mystery game featuring escape room style puzzles. Find clues, interrogate suspects, solve the mystery - before it's too late. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Detective Ridelle.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

88% User Score Based on 329 reviews

Critic Score 53%Based on 4 reviews

Between Horizons is a narrative 2.5D sci-fi detective adventure. 33 years into the Zephyr's journey, its mission is suddenly jeopardized. Can you find the culprit before it's too late? Experience an enthralling story set in a semi-open world that branches and ends based on your choices. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Between Horizons.

90%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, stability

90% User Score Based on 80 reviews

'LumineNight' is a mystery adventure game set in the city of Summerset, USA, in the 1950s. You can play as Detective Kelvin Foster and his only daughter, self-proclaimed Detective Selen Foster, to unravel the secrets of a series of unresolved murders over a decade. Players need to investigate, solve puzzles and codes, infiltrate, interrogate, and deduce the truth, all based on the following fi… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to LumineNight.

64%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

64% User Score Based on 256 reviews

Noir Syndrome is a procedurally generated Detective Murder-Mystery with a new story every time! Featuring slick pixel art animations and a jazzy soundtrack, the player is thrown right in to a highly stylized vision of film noir. Visit locations, interrogate suspects, search for clues, and eventually solve the case before the killer escapes - or you wind up dead yourself. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Noir Syndrome.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, atmosphere

86% User Score Based on 1,704 reviews

Solve Pixel Puzzles to find clues. Use those clues to interrogate witnesses. Work your way to the truth... ...and uncover the mystery of Murder by Numbers! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Murder by Numbers.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, stability

73% User Score Based on 451 reviews

Critic Score 73%Based on 2 reviews

"Night Call is a new kind of non linear narrative and noire game taking place in Paris, France. Using the real city map (~105 km² or ~40.5 mi²) and the intimacy a taxi can offer, players will meet numerous and unique passengers to talk with. Some of them know things about the killer, others pretend to know things, and some just need to talk to someone. More than just telling a story, Night Call … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Night Call.

64%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, grinding

63% User Score Based on 593 reviews

Critic Score 68%Based on 4 reviews

An eccentric FMV murder mystery with a twist: someone has poisoned Uncle Marcus. Uncover the truth in the yearly family quiz and try to save him before it is too late. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Who Pressed Mute on Uncle Marcus?.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding

100% User Score Based on 43 reviews

When a pair of strangers arrive at his home late one night, Detective Noxley reluctantly emerges from his self-imposed exile. What he uncovers next will put him at the center of a conflict that will change the future of his entire nation. Solve the case and save the day as Sevyn Noxley, a private investigator living in a fantastical world of anthropomorphic animals. Help the citizens of the cap… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dragon Detective: A Friend from the Shadows.

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding

92% User Score Based on 235 reviews

Critic Score 90%Based on 2 reviews

The quiet hamlet of Merrylin Crater Camp is shaken by a murder! Uncover the truth in this non-linear „whodunnit“ detective game. As the Mindcop you have 5 days to catch the true killer among Merrilyn Crater Camp’s inhabitants. Key features WHODUNNIT DETECTIVE GAME Use your Mindcop capabilities to uncover secrets and unravel people’s lies to find the true suspect of this town’s murder. MINDSUR… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Mindcop.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:character development, replayability

88% User Score Based on 205 reviews

Your first day as a police clerk... unveils a tapestry of mysteries! You play as Justina Smith, a newly hired clerk at the Azure City Police Department, as she finds out the truth behind a series of suspicious crimes. Work with the eccentric detectives Ernest Hunt and Sophie Swift as you investigate crime scenes, interrogate suspects, and discover the secrets hidden among the paper trails.Five int… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Paper Perjury.

96%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:music, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, grinding

96% User Score Based on 112 reviews

Uncover high drama in this whodunnit set in a small-town community theater!  Gather clues by investigating the sets, casts and backstage crews of 10 theatrical productions, using their stories to piece together each deadly crime. Explore the theater for cluesThe game features 10 levels -- each focused on a deadly incident that occurs during a performance. Solve mysteriesGather clues and observ… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Murder at the Birch Tree Theater.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

92% User Score Based on 63 reviews

Critic Score 70%Based on 1 reviews

Paws of Coal is a cozy, slow-paced detective adventure with gameplay influenced by the scientific method – quests are solved by connecting evidence. If you get it right, the mystery is solved. If you get it wrong, everyone could be in danger. So, tread carefully. In the game, you play as Charles, a scholar on a mission sent by His Majesty (the lion king Lav) to help the critters of The Burrows wh… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Paws of Coal.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

95% User Score Based on 1,815 reviews

Critic Score 72%Based on 8 reviews

Aviary Attorney is an adventure game in the style of the Ace Attorney series. The player takes the role of a defence lawyer, and must investigate crimes and then defend their clients in court. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Aviary Attorney.

71%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

77% User Score Based on 1,363 reviews

Critic Score 65%Based on 9 reviews

The ABC Murders is an adventure and investigation game adapted from the classic Agatha Christie novel. You are the famous private detective Hercule Poirot and, once again, you find yourself up against a mysterious serial killer who goes by the name of "ABC". If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Agatha Christie: The ABC Murders.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, character development

71% User Score Based on 650 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 2 reviews

The Detail, a crime noir adventure in a modern American city. This is a city where cases matter, clearance rates matter, and on a good day even justice matters. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Detail.

97%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:character development, grinding

97% User Score Based on 98 reviews

The chart-topping indie hit Nina Aquila: Legal Eagle, Season One comes to Steam, with a slew of enhancements and new features! Step into court as Nina Aquila, rookie defense attorney in this thrilling VN/adventure game hybrid, and fight for justice in a world where all anime genres exist at once! This game replaces the earlier episodic releases and is a collected version of Chapters 1-3 of the "N… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Nina Aquila: Legal Eagle, Season One.

66%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, optimization

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, grinding

70% User Score Based on 46 reviews

An unassuming woman has been charged with the death of a scoundrel, a fortune-squandering bounder. She was found over the body, pistol in hand but there are other avenues in this case that even the Yard refuses to set foot upon. I have the feeling that there is more to the case than meets the eye. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sherlock Holmes Consulting Detective: The Case of the Mystified Murderess.

86%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

87% User Score Based on 272 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 2 reviews

The Centennial Case: A Shijima Story centers around the ill-fated Shijima family, who have experienced a chain of inexplicable deaths in their family over the past century. Players will take on the role of mystery novelist, Haruka Kagami and use their powers of deductions to uncover the truth behind four murder cases that have taken place in the Shijima household over the last one hundred years. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Centennial Case: A Shijima Story.

97%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

97% User Score Based on 1,666 reviews

Tyrion Cuthbert: Attorney of the Arcane is a visual novel inspired by the Ace Attorney series. You play as a defense attorney who practices law in a world of fantasy and wizards. You must defend clients accused of various crimes committed using magic and use the rules of magic to prove them innocent. However, the system is corrupt to its core and manipulated by the aristocracy. Will you acquit you… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Tyrion Cuthbert: Attorney of the Arcane.

81%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, character development

81% User Score Based on 259 reviews

Enter the pages of the hand painted world of Journal. A journey through the life of a young and troubled girl as she tries to face up to the choices and responsibilities that come with childhood. An experience that questions the reliability of how we choose to remember events and explores the truths hidden within our dreams. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Journal.

80%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, character development

85% User Score Based on 322 reviews

Critic Score 67%Based on 3 reviews

RAINSWEPT is an adventure game - A murder mystery dealing with themes of love, relationships and unresolved trauma. The focus is on delivering an emotional story, tied together with charming art style, characters with deep histories, and a moving soundtrack. FEATURES - An emotional story set in an immersive and atmospheric game world - Characters with deep histories, meaningful motivations and di… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Rainswept.

Welcome to join our QQ group: 519072161 to discuss games together.Game Introduction"Detective Master's House" is a real-life detective puzzle game. You will play the role of detective "Henry", shuttle through the murder scenes of various Blizzard Mountains, and investigate each intricate case in depth. In Manor Mystery, you will experience the twists and turns of the murder and… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Detective Agency: Murder at the Manor.

96%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:character development

96% User Score Based on 54 reviews

Determine the Truth of the Incident Can you identify the culprit behind a supernatural murder using nothing but information from social media timelines—without ever leaving your room? Humans with supernatural powers are known as “Demons”.The bizarre incidents they cause are called “Paradoxes”. Demons' Timeline is a mystery adventure game in which you investigate the truth behind these Paradoxes fr… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Demons' Timeline.

95%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

95% User Score Based on 104 reviews

Mini Murder Mysteries is a cozy investigative deduction game made for fans of head-scratching whodunits.Become a detective and get to work solving nine distinct, self-contained crime scene conundrums. To progress, you'll need to scour the evidence, analyze witness statements, collect relevant keywords, and make smart deductions. Solve a series of twisty, tricksy murder mysteries. Examine… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Mini Murder Mysteries.

71%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, atmosphere

93% User Score Based on 28 reviews

It is a story-rich investigative adventure with point & click, and visual novel elements where you play as Moses & Plato, two clueless detectives embroiled in a wild case while traveling on the famous luxury train, the Clawville Express. When the client you are supposed to protect, an ambassador on a peace mission, is murdered, you become the main suspect! Be the slyest fox detective and find a ki… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Moses & Plato - Last Train to Clawville.

63%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

65% User Score Based on 757 reviews

Critic Score 61%Based on 9 reviews

Rue Valley Digital Deluxe Edition includes: - Rue Valley - Rue Valley - Digital OST - Rue Valley - Digital Artbook - Rue Valley - Supporter Pack If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to 懊悔谷.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability

100% User Score Based on 40 reviews

It's after midnight on the Quartzway Express, and everyone is woken up by signs of a MAGICAL ROBBERY! Players take on the role of Kabili as you tumble out of bed and work to solve your first ever mystery as a newly accredited arcane investigator.  Along the way, you'll meet your new investigative co-workers, question suspects, and search for evidence at the scene of the crime. Ultimately, you w… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Arcane Investigations.

93%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

95% User Score Based on 466 reviews

Critic Score 85%Based on 1 reviews

Germany, 1956. The war is over, but justice is not served. Former Nazis walk free, while their victims lie in unmarked graves. As a prosecutor, you'll unearth long-buried evidence, confront witnesses and hunt down perpetrators. Will you have the courage to bring these "ordinary men" to court? If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to The Darkest Files.

50%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story

100% User Score Based on 1 reviews

Ralph is a veteran homicide detective who has a high service record. His reliable partner, and best friend, Nathan, has been with him for the past 5 years. Together, the two of them have solved multiple cases together. One day, a strange killing occurs where the victim is bound in chains, and their skin is carved with a cryptic message. At the same time, Nathan disappears without a trace. Ralph gr… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Chains of Judgment.

83%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, grinding

83% User Score Based on 613 reviews

You are Isabella Song – a hacker PI. Your job is to hack cameras, phones, and computers, as well as question suspects, analyze evidence and draw conclusions. But don't forget that in Farca city, even criminals can end up victims. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Song of Farca.

76%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay

89% User Score Based on 36 reviews

In the small idyllic town of Wolf Peak, the murder of a young women called Ruth Choi, shocked the community in 1991. Two detectives were put onto the case and managed to whittle it down to 6 suspects. However, the detectives were never able to close the case due to insufficient evidence. Years have passed and now you have been brought into Wolf Peak to solve this case. Through the passage of time… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wolf Peak: The Case of Ruth Choi.