Games like Ardent Seas

92%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

97% User Score Based on 8,492 reviews

Critic Score 75%Based on 2 reviews

The Infinite War rages on across the galaxy. Negotiations have failed and our only hope for an end to the destruction is through victory in combat. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance.

80%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

78% User Score Based on 1,273 reviews

Critic Score 90%Based on 1 reviews

Galactic Civilizations II: Endless Universe is a compilation featuring the content of Dread Lords, Dark Avatar and Twilight of the Arnor. It was released exclusively in Europe on September 26, 2008 and it was published by Kalypso Media. The compilation was released as Galactic Civilizations II: Ultimate Edition in North America on February 9, 2009. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Galactic Civilizations II: Endless Universe.

94%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:monetization, stability

94% User Score Based on 3,138 reviews

Zero-K (ZK; formerly known as Complete Annihilation and CA) is a free multi-platform open source real-time strategy computer game. Initially based on content from Total Annihilation on the open source Spring Engine, it was forked and all proprietary content replaced, and evolved into a completely new game with unique features. Among the games powered by the Spring game engine, Zero-K is particular… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Zero-K.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

84% User Score Based on 653 reviews

Era One is a space-themed game developed by Team Complex LTD. Combining innovation, customization, and epic space battles, Era One offers a unique gaming experience. Players can customize their own ships using assembly modules, construct stations, warships, bases, and even cities in space. The game seamlessly blends real-time strategy (RTS) and base building elements, providing players with the op… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to ERA ONE.

53%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

53% User Score Based on 689 reviews

Customize your unique faction in a new take on real-time strategy as you fight in a variety of skirmish, solo, and multiplayer battles. You are not only a commander, but also an engineer – so you have ultimate control over your faction’s units, factories, superweapons and economy. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Forged Battalion.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, stability

85% User Score Based on 462 reviews

Star Ruler is a large scale, real-time grand strategy set in space. Design, build, and take control of potentially thousands of ships, and expand the reach of your empire across the entire galaxy. Research new technologies, capture enemy vessels, and conquer enemy planets on your path to galactic domination. Chat with other players at any time to discuss strategies or arrange multiplayer games. An… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Star Ruler.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

89% User Score Based on 1,677 reviews

Critic Score 73%Based on 3 reviews

The Gold Edition includes: - Supreme Commander - Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Supreme Commander.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

79% User Score Based on 5,870 reviews

Critic Score 70%Based on 2 reviews

Endless Space - Definitive Edition includes all the expansions and updates released for the game (including Endless Space Disharmony). If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Endless Space.

80%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

78% User Score Based on 12,958 reviews

Critic Score 82%Based on 11 reviews

Galactic Civilizations III is the largest strategy sandbox ever made. Start with a single world and expand across the galaxy through diplomacy, trade, cultural hegemony or military conquest in this single-player or multiplayer 4X strategy game. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Galactic Civilizations III.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, optimization

77% User Score Based on 451 reviews

Your heroes and your armies will need strong leadership to take them on a spellbinding odyssey that has everything a gamer’s heart could wish for breathtaking worlds in space, battles against cunning enemies and even downright treason from your own government faction - are you up to it? Accept the challenge…let this gripping EARTH 2150 RTS trilogy thrust you into the far future… and YOU will decid… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Earth 2150 Trilogy.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, stability

89% User Score Based on 610 reviews

Sword of the Stars: Complete Collection is the original Sword of the Stars games and the three expansions Born of Blood, A Murder of Crows and Argos Naval Yard. It is the year 2405, and human scientists have discovered a new technology that allows travel from star to star at speeds faster than light. But tragedy strikes, as Earth is ravaged by an alien force. The dawning of a new era was stymied b… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Sword of the Stars Complete Collection.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

84% User Score Based on 1,978 reviews

The RTS/FPS phenomenon has moved into space! Build and command fleets of starships for epic space battles, pilot fighters, mine and trade resources, assemble robots to defend or assault other stations. Take sole command or share the glory as you fight for control of the quadrant. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Executive Assault 2.

91%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, stability

91% User Score Based on 282 reviews

Featuring: OE-LikeConstant endless unit production from your shipyards. Each ship is autonomous, they seek your opponents and prioritize what they are best suited to fight. Witness vast battles. Though you cannot directly control your units in the interference of the Spance, you can create waypoint chains to direct where shipyards send your fleets. Inspired by the gameplay of Obliterate Everyt… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Annihilate The Spance.

67%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, grinding

64% User Score Based on 433 reviews

Critic Score 75%Based on 3 reviews

Can anyone build an empire in a place like this? Other factions are naturally suspicious of newcomers and may wage war at the first sign of unidentified craft. Here, a natural death is an uncommon luxury. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Polaris Sector.

63%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:atmosphere, grinding

63% User Score Based on 506 reviews

The ancient Messari return to Pandora with all their might, deploying portals and terrifying ion storms. From these portals come forces never before seen by mankind, and an infestation spreads across Pandora. The strongest factions are the ones that have to fear them most, but they will spare no one.About the GamePandora: First Contact is a science fiction 4X turn-based strategy game on a planetar… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Pandora: First Contact.

71%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

82% User Score Based on 38 reviews

Foresight is an epic space-based RTS game that throws you, the player, into the thick of the battle as a commander. Lead huge fleets, armed with fighters and bombers across wormholes to fight it out with your enemy. Launch bombing missions, fighter patrols, plant observation posts or fire support base with reconnaissance units. Intelligence is key. Recruit capable commanders as your fleet commande… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Foresight.

69%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

69% User Score Based on 3,690 reviews

Grey Goo is a real-time strategy (RTS) game that combines classic strategy mechanics and a balanced combat system with an emphasis on large-scale decision-making. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Grey Goo.

87%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

87% User Score Based on 556 reviews

Imperium Galactica II: Alliances is a real-time game featuring aspects of RTT, RTS and empire-building computer games from the Hungarian-based studio Digital Reality. It is the sequel to Digital Reality's previous game, Imperium Galactica. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Imperium Galactica II.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, optimization

77% User Score Based on 170 reviews

It's the 24th century and the colonization of space is not going well. Hyperspace opened the door to the stars, but habitable worlds are few and far in between, overpopulation is still rampant, and our civilization's appetite for resources has only increased. For over a hundred years, the incredibly rich Dust Zone sated this endless appetite, jointly controlled by the United Earth Nations and the … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Dust Fleet.

81%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

81% User Score Based on 291 reviews

Final Theory is a turn-based strategy game where you command fleets of battleships engaged in a galactic civil war. It presents an exciting experience for both veteran players and those new to the genre. It features innovative combat mechanics but also hearkens back to some of the classics of gaming. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Final Theory.

The year is 2670, humanity has begun its outward colonial expansion into the stars, the HEC (Human-Earth Coalition) began setting up colonies on the Moon, Venus and Mars. upon expanding out into the Exo-Planets they began scouting Jupiter's moon of IO, where they discovered strange readings. This would lead them to discovering another space faring race known as the Pilakarr, a humanoid species tha… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Solar Defense.

68%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:gameplay, monetization

68% User Score Based on 78 reviews

Guide one of 12 races on their first interstellar journey from a single planet, until it becomes a mighty pan-galactic empire. From the Star Map you must manage your empire, deploy your fleets and conduct research, diplomacy and trade. Plot your strategy. Explore the universe and found new colonies. Turn your planets into mighty bastions. Make pacts and alliances, make threats or ask for favours -… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Armada 2526.

82%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, story

82% User Score Based on 1,092 reviews

Massive scale 4X-RTS set in space. Control hundreds of planets, manipulate galactic politics, research numerous advanced technologies, and command thousands of units and hundreds of planets in your quest for galactic dominance. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Star Ruler 2.

76%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

81% User Score Based on 4,332 reviews

Critic Score 62%Based on 2 reviews

Carrier Command 2 is Strategy, Planning and Teamwork on a scale that is both engaging and manageable. True to MicroProse's heritage and the debut title of the development company Geometa , Carrier Command 2 is all about meaningful decisions. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Carrier Command 2.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

87% User Score Based on 7,622 reviews

Critic Score 77%Based on 5 reviews

Includes 47 Steam achievements, leaderboards, and stats! If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Supreme Commander 2.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, music

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding

77% User Score Based on 158 reviews

A turn-based Galaxy totalwar game. Choose one of 12 factions, direct dozens of admirals, control hundreds of warships, mecha and monsters, set up various buildings, study technology, and lead fleets to carry out grand strategic actions on the map of the galaxy. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Chaos Galaxy 2.

70%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, story

77% User Score Based on 487 reviews

Critic Score 55%Based on 4 reviews

Build a city to rule the world in Kaiserpunk, a grand city builder blending production-focused city building with the world conquest of strategy games in an alternate 20th century world. Manage your city, grow industries, build a military, and defeat rivals to become the greatest empire. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to KAISERPUNK.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, stability

78% User Score Based on 2,286 reviews

Critic Score 76%Based on 5 reviews

Terminator: Dark Fate – Defiance is a gritty RTS that puts you in the middle of the Future Wars between humanity and Legion's synthetic intelligent machine network. Take command and lead your army to foil Legion's plan to destroy humanity or play as one of three factions in skirmish and multiplayer. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Terminator: Dark Fate - Defiance.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, optimization

88% User Score Based on 836 reviews

Build Your Navy, from pre-Dreadnoughts to Aircraft Carriers and Missile Cruisers! Rule the Waves 3 is a simulation of naval ship design and construction, fleet management and naval warfare from 1890 to 1970 and will place you in the role of 'Grand Admiral' of a navy from the time when steam and iron dominated warship design up to the missile age. Rule the Waves 3 will let you design and build the … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Rule the Waves 3.

84%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, grinding

84% User Score Based on 166 reviews

Command an Army. Fight for Freedom. Ground Control II: Operation Exodus delivers real-time strategy with the flair of an action game. It’s 2741 and the universe is at war. The savage Terran Empire is laying siege to the Northern Star Alliance, a treaty of colonies that upholds freedom and democracy. After losing the battle in space, the NSA is forced to retreat to its last stronghold. The situat… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Ground Control II: Operation Exodus.

61%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

55% User Score Based on 2,790 reviews

Critic Score 69%Based on 6 reviews

StarDrive 2 is an exciting and evolutionary step forward for the StarDrive franchise. In this eagerly anticipated sequel, the core mechanics have evolved to incorporate a turn-based strategic layer, featuring spectacular realtime battles. As the galactic ruler of your race you will lead your people into a procedurally-generated galaxy, exploring and expanding your space empire to greatness. Exploi… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to StarDrive 2.

90%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, grinding

93% User Score Based on 2,148 reviews

Critic Score 70%Based on 1 reviews

NOVEMBER 5TH, 1983. Here, now, at the height of the Cold War, hundreds of America’s brightest men and women are poised deep underground in concrete bunkers known as Launch Control Centers, ready and awaiting the order to unleash nuclear armaggedon. Today, USAF First Lieutenant Derek Evans joins their ranks. And his first day on the job could be a big one. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to ICBM.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

75% User Score Based on 10,138 reviews

Critic Score 83%Based on 2 reviews

Greatly expanding on the groundwork laid out by the first game, Battlefleet Gothic: Armada 2 is a full-blown sequel: bigger, richer, and more ambitious than the original game. At launch, it will include all 12 factions from the original tabletop game and its expansion Armada it is based on: the Imperial Navy, Space Marines, Adeptus Mechanicus, Necrons, Chaos, Aeldari Corsairs, Aeldari Craftworld, … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Battlefleet Gothic: Armada 2.

79%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, stability

77% User Score Based on 1,704 reviews

Critic Score 90%Based on 1 reviews

2 sides, 8 nations, and one battlefield: Europe! Wargame: European Escalation is an intense and spectacular Real Time Strategy game, where realism and strategy are brought to the front lines. With a phenomenal range of vehicles and units (over 350 different models), build your army and enter a huge military campaign across Europe of the 80's, as the Cold War is about to become World War 3.With the… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Wargame European Escalation.

77%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, replayability

77% User Score Based on 352 reviews

Explore the vast emptiness of space. Take command of your ships, push the competition back and create your empire. Helium Rain is a realistic space opera. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Helium Rain.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, atmosphere

90% User Score Based on 513 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 1 reviews

An American geological expedition, under a UN mandate, assesses the natural resources in a distant part of Siberia, deep in the trackless steppes of Eastern Russia. But instead of oil, they discover a deposit of a hitherto unknown mineral. American scientists working for Department of Defense find out that this mineral is in fact identical to the substance used to power an extraterrestrial artifa… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Original War.

62%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:optimization, monetization

62% User Score Based on 487 reviews

Crossfire: Legion is a real time strategy game featuring tactical action in furious battles across a shattered version of the near future. Raise and customize your army to engage in intense online combat and carve your own path as you rise through the ranks. It’s a new generation of warfare. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Crossfire: Legion.

69%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

67% User Score Based on 4,121 reviews

Critic Score 80%Based on 1 reviews

Battlefleet Gothic: Armada is the RTS videogame adaptation of Games Workshop's classic tabletop game, pitting the Chaos, Imperium, Eldar, and Orks against each other in visceral space-battles. Additionally an extensive multiplayer mode with persistent fleets where up to 4 players can battle simultaneously, Battlefleet Gothic: Armada also features a big story campaign, taking place during the 12th… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Battlefleet Gothic: Armada.

89%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:replayability, stability

89% User Score Based on 986 reviews

ICBM: Escalation is a grand RTS game that plunges players into the high-stakes world of global warfare, where every decision could tip the balance between survival and annihilation. Command vast armies, develop cutting-edge technology, and wield the most devastating weapons ever created to ensure your faction’s supremacy. Whether by conventional forces or through nuclear firepower, you’ll need to … If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to ICBM: Escalation.

88%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, story

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

88% User Score Based on 108 reviews

Moduwar - The Modular RTS is a unique take on Real-Time Strategy.Take control of a Modu - an alien creature with the ability to grow different organs, split and merge them, depending on your personal playstyle. The Modu are native to the planet Arkadia - an untamed paradise. They lived on Arkadia peacefully for a millennia, changing and adapting their modular bodies to suit their needs.Their peace… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Moduwar.

85%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:story, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

85% User Score Based on 955 reviews

Unleash voxel warfare in 9-Bit Armies: A Bit Too Far. Lead a modern military, build bases, unlock units, and attack in all-out war. Engage on land, sea and air in over 30 missions, online skirmishes, or co-op. Easy to learn, a challenge to master. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to 9-Bit Armies: A Bit Too Far.

73%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, grinding

74% User Score Based on 1,870 reviews

Critic Score 73%Based on 9 reviews

As the all-powerful leader of a spacefaring civilization, you must seek out new star systems and discover the exciting potential of the subspace realm. There are thousands of worlds to colonize and dozens of civilizations - both old and new - to encounter. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Galactic Civilizations IV.

56%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, humor

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, story

56% User Score Based on 158 reviews

Galactic Ruler offers real time strategy game play at both planetary level and in space! Lead your faction in diplomacy or conquest across a procedurally generated galactic map where any system might hold hostile enemies or resource riches. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Galactic Ruler.

72%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, music

72% User Score Based on 366 reviews

World War III: Black Gold takes the player to the near future. The political crisis has been going on for months, leading to worldwide turmoil. A secret conference of the UN Central Geological Commission reveals that worldwide oil reserves have reached dangerously low levels: Oil reserves will run out within 8-10 years. This proves too short for even the most highly industrialized countries to swi… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to World War III: Black Gold.

69%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, stability

67% User Score Based on 636 reviews

Critic Score 77%Based on 2 reviews

Only a few thousand humans managed to escape from the Earth before its collapse in 2150 A.D. They spent the next few years on the terra forming of the red planet, developing new technologies and building up new civilisations. Somehow each of the three fractions "Eurasian Dynasty", "United Civilised States" and "Lunar Corporation" did this independently and separately from each other - but in the y… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Earth 2160.

81%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, story

81% User Score Based on 64 reviews

Real time strategy game featuring over 130 different types of units and technologies, 21 campaign missions with characters and an intriguing story, unlimited random map skirmishes with many customizable settings, network multiplayer to challenge your friends, and so much more in this RTS. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Machines At War 3.

79%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:stability, optimization

79% User Score Based on 1,788 reviews

Do you hate bugs and arachnids? Seeing them creeps you out? Would you like them to disappear off the face of the Earth? GOOD! This the right game for you! In Home Wars you’ll play as a General of a toy soldiers army, with the sole purpose of saving the owner’s house from the invasion of those damn Bugs. The special feature of this game is that you can go instantly into first person towards a… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Home Wars.

67%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, graphics

Most mentioned negative aspects:story, music

62% User Score Based on 2,754 reviews

Critic Score 72%Based on 10 reviews

Set in the near-future, Act of Aggression is an explosive techno-thriller real-time strategy game hailing from the Golden Era of RTS. With three global super-powers, there can be only one victory.Across three distinct factions each armed with the greatest modern and prototype military weaponry, head into some of the world’s most volatile conflict zones, building bases for mass production, establis… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Act of Aggression.

87%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:gameplay, replayability

Most mentioned negative aspects:graphics, story

90% User Score Based on 341 reviews

Critic Score 73%Based on 1 reviews

Master of Orion is a competitive game of interstellar conquest that combines exploration with conflict. You are cast as the immortal emperor who shapes the future of your race, as contact is made with the neighbouring races. Your objective is simple: control a majority of the known galaxy and eliminate all who stand in the way. As ruler you must ultimately decide the destiny of your race as you m… If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Master of Orion.

78%Game Brain Score

Most mentioned positive aspects:graphics, gameplay

Most mentioned negative aspects:grinding, optimization

78% User Score Based on 655 reviews

Critic Score 77%Based on 3 reviews

Stars in Shadow is a turn-based 4X strategy game and a vivid tribute to the genre classics. Compete with alien factions to explore and colonize nearby starsystems, build fleets to defend against rivals, negotiate or conquer them. Win by unifying the galaxy, through diplomacy or force. If you enjoyed this game, see our list of games similar to Stars in Shadow.